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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Diameter of the Bony Lacrimal Canal: Normal Values and Values Related to Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: Assessment with CT" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2001-05-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Epiphora, or tearing due to primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO), is increasingly being treated with balloon dilatation. The cause of PANDO is unknown, but a small diameter of the bony nasolacrimal canal might be one of the etiologic factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the normal distribution of diameters of the bony canal and to ascertain whether there is an association between the diameter of the bony canal and primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

METHODS: Using axial CT, we measured the minimum diameter of the bony nasolacrimal canal in a control group of 50 men and 50 women and in 19 patients with PANDO.

RESULTS: The mean minimum diameter in the control group was 3.5 mm, which was smaller than expected on the basis of published data. The difference between the mean minimum diameter in men (3.70 mm) and that in women (3.35 mm) was significant. The mean minimum diameter in the patient group was 3.0 mm, which was significantly smaller than that in the control group. There was, however, considerable overlap.

CONCLUSION: A small diameter of the bony canal appears to be one of the etiologic factors in PANDO." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Alfred G. Janssen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Khaled Mansour" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Johanna J. Bos" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jonas A. Castelijns" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Alfred G. Janssen" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Johanna J. Bos" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Jonas A. Castelijns" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Ophthalmology;citation_journal_abbrev=Ophthalmology;citation_title=Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. A clinicopathologic report and biopsy technique;citation_pages=1055-1063;citation_volume=93;citation_year=1986;citation_issue=8;citation_pmid=3763155" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Epiphora, or tearing due to primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO), is increasingly being treated with balloon dilatation. The cause of PANDO is unknown, but a small diameter of the bony nasolacrimal canal might be one of the etiologic factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the normal distribution of diameters of the bony canal and to ascertain whether there is an association between the diameter of the bony canal and primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

METHODS: Using axial CT, we measured the minimum diameter of the bony nasolacrimal canal in a control group of 50 men and 50 women and in 19 patients with PANDO.

RESULTS: The mean minimum diameter in the control group was 3.5 mm, which was smaller than expected on the basis of published data. The difference between the mean minimum diameter in men (3.70 mm) and that in women (3.35 mm) was significant. The mean minimum diameter in the patient group was 3.0 mm, which was significantly smaller than that in the control group. There was, however, considerable overlap.

CONCLUSION: A small diameter of the bony canal appears to be one of the etiologic factors in PANDO." />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Epiphora, or tearing due to primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO), is increasingly being treated with balloon dilatation. The cause of PANDO is unknown, but a small diameter of the bony nasolacrimal canal might be one of the etiologic factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the normal distribution of diameters of the bony canal and to ascertain whether there is an association between the diameter of the bony canal and primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

METHODS: Using axial CT, we measured the minimum diameter of the bony nasolacrimal canal in a control group of 50 men and 50 women and in 19 patients with PANDO.

RESULTS: The mean minimum diameter in the control group was 3.5 mm, which was smaller than expected on the basis of published data. The difference between the mean minimum diameter in men (3.70 mm) and that in women (3.35 mm) was significant. The mean minimum diameter in the patient group was 3.0 mm, which was significantly smaller than that in the control group. There was, however, considerable overlap.

CONCLUSION: A small diameter of the bony canal appears to be one of the etiologic factors in PANDO." />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Diameter of the Bony Lacrimal Canal: Normal Values and Values Related to Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: Assessment with CT</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Alfred G. Janssen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Khaled Mansour</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Johanna J. Bos</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Jonas A. Castelijns</span></span></div>
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-2165--6430518854" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Alfred G. Janssen </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Alfred%2BG.%2BJanssen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Janssen%20AG&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AAlfred%2BG.%2BJanssen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Khaled Mansour </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Khaled%2BMansour%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mansour%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AKhaled%2BMansour%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Johanna J. Bos </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Johanna%2BJ.%2BBos%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bos%20JJ&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJohanna%2BJ.%2BBos%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Jonas A. Castelijns </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Jonas%2BA.%2BCastelijns%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Castelijns%20JA&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJonas%2BA.%2BCastelijns%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 22</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 5 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 May 2001 </div></div>
      
      
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