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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Functional MR Imaging of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2001-10-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although research with functional MR imaging of the brain has proliferated over the past 5 years, technical limitations, such as motion, chemical shift, and susceptibility artifacts, have impeded such research in the human spinal cord. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a reliable functional MR imaging signal can be elicited from the cervical spinal cord during simple motor activity.

METHODS: Subjects performed three different motor tasks that activate different segments of the spinal cord. Gradient-echo-planar imaging on a 1.5-T clinical unit was used to image cervical spinal cords of human subjects. Another group of subjects was imaged while performing isometric exercise to study the relationship between the blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) signal and applied force.

RESULTS: Task-dependent BOLD activity was detected in all subjects. Signal amplitude varied between 0.5% and 7%. Moreover, a linear relationship was found between the applied force and the signal amplitude during isometric exercise. While regions of activation were distributed throughout the spinal cord, concentrated activity was found in the anatomic locations of expected motor innervation.

CONCLUSION: The functional MR imaging signal can be reliably detected with motor activity in the human cervical spinal cord on a 1.5-T clinical unit. The location of neural activation has an anatomic correspondence to the myotome in use. The strength of the BOLD signal is directly proportional to the level of muscular activity." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Saaussan Madi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Adam E. Flanders" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Simon Vinitski" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Gerald J. Herbison" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jonathan Nissanov" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2001-10-01" />
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Functional MR Imaging of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/i&gt; Although research with functional MR imaging of the brain has proliferated over the past 5 years, technical limitations, such as motion, chemical shift, and susceptibility artifacts, have impeded such research in the human spinal cord. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a reliable functional MR imaging signal can be elicited from the cervical spinal cord during simple motor activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;METHODS:&lt;/i&gt; Subjects performed three different motor tasks that activate different segments of the spinal cord. Gradient-echo-planar imaging on a 1.5-T clinical unit was used to image cervical spinal cords of human subjects. Another group of subjects was imaged while performing isometric exercise to study the relationship between the blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) signal and applied force.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/i&gt; Task-dependent BOLD activity was detected in all subjects. Signal amplitude varied between 0.5% and 7%. Moreover, a linear relationship was found between the applied force and the signal amplitude during isometric exercise. While regions of activation were distributed throughout the spinal cord, concentrated activity was found in the anatomic locations of expected motor innervation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/i&gt; The functional MR imaging signal can be reliably detected with motor activity in the human cervical spinal cord on a 1.5-T clinical unit. The location of neural activation has an anatomic correspondence to the myotome in use. The strength of the BOLD signal is directly proportional to the level of muscular activity.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Functional MR Imaging of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although research with functional MR imaging of the brain has proliferated over the past 5 years, technical limitations, such as motion, chemical shift, and susceptibility artifacts, have impeded such research in the human spinal cord. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a reliable functional MR imaging signal can be elicited from the cervical spinal cord during simple motor activity.

METHODS: Subjects performed three different motor tasks that activate different segments of the spinal cord. Gradient-echo-planar imaging on a 1.5-T clinical unit was used to image cervical spinal cords of human subjects. Another group of subjects was imaged while performing isometric exercise to study the relationship between the blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) signal and applied force.

RESULTS: Task-dependent BOLD activity was detected in all subjects. Signal amplitude varied between 0.5% and 7%. Moreover, a linear relationship was found between the applied force and the signal amplitude during isometric exercise. While regions of activation were distributed throughout the spinal cord, concentrated activity was found in the anatomic locations of expected motor innervation.

CONCLUSION: The functional MR imaging signal can be reliably detected with motor activity in the human cervical spinal cord on a 1.5-T clinical unit. The location of neural activation has an anatomic correspondence to the myotome in use. The strength of the BOLD signal is directly proportional to the level of muscular activity." />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although research with functional MR imaging of the brain has proliferated over the past 5 years, technical limitations, such as motion, chemical shift, and susceptibility artifacts, have impeded such research in the human spinal cord. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a reliable functional MR imaging signal can be elicited from the cervical spinal cord during simple motor activity.

METHODS: Subjects performed three different motor tasks that activate different segments of the spinal cord. Gradient-echo-planar imaging on a 1.5-T clinical unit was used to image cervical spinal cords of human subjects. Another group of subjects was imaged while performing isometric exercise to study the relationship between the blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) signal and applied force.

RESULTS: Task-dependent BOLD activity was detected in all subjects. Signal amplitude varied between 0.5% and 7%. Moreover, a linear relationship was found between the applied force and the signal amplitude during isometric exercise. While regions of activation were distributed throughout the spinal cord, concentrated activity was found in the anatomic locations of expected motor innervation.

CONCLUSION: The functional MR imaging signal can be reliably detected with motor activity in the human cervical spinal cord on a 1.5-T clinical unit. The location of neural activation has an anatomic correspondence to the myotome in use. The strength of the BOLD signal is directly proportional to the level of muscular activity." />
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 22</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 9 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Oct 2001 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Functional MR Imaging of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Saaussan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Madi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Adam E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Flanders</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Simon</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vinitski</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Gerald J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Herbison</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jonathan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nissanov</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Oct 2001, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">22 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(9) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1768-1774; </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Saaussan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Madi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Adam E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Flanders</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Simon</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vinitski</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Gerald J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Herbison</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jonathan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nissanov</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Oct 2001, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">22 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(9) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1768-1774; </span></div>
  
  
  
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