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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Fragile X Premutation Carriers: Characteristic MR Imaging Findings of Adult Male Patients with Progressive Cerebellar and Cognitive Dysfunction" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2002-11-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to characterize the findings of MR imaging of the brain of adult male fragile X premutation carriers with a recently identified disorder characterized by ataxia, tremor, rigidity, and cognitive dysfunction.

METHODS: MR imaging studies of the brain of 17 male patients were characterized for signal intensity and for size of ventricles, cerebral and cerebellar sulci, and brain stem. Comparison was made with age- and sex-matched control participants. Southern blot and/or polymerase chain reaction methods were used to analyze CGG trinucleotide repeats in the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene.

RESULTS: Fifteen of 17 patients showed symmetrically decreased T1 and increased T2 signal intensity in cerebellar white matter lateral, superior, and inferior to the dentate nuclei. Fourteen of 17 had similar signal intensity alterations in the middle cerebellar peduncles. Cerebellar cortical atrophy was present in 16 of 17 and cerebral atrophy in 17 of 17. Evan’s Index as a measure of ventricular size averaged 0.35 (range, 0.25–0.46), with that for age-matched control participants averaging 0.28 (range, 0.24–0.31) ( P &lt; .005). The mean third ventricle width was 11 mm (for control participants, 6 mm; P &lt; .01). Corpus callosum was thinned in 14 of 16 participants. Middle cerebellar peduncles were atrophic when compared with those of control participants ( P &lt; .005). Pontine transverse dimension was 25 mm (for control participants, 31 mm; P &lt; .005), and rostral-caudal length averaged 26 mm (for control participants, 29 mm; P &lt; .005). CGG repeats clustered in the low to mid premutation range (86 ± 10 CGG repeats) in the 17 patients.

CONCLUSION: MR imaging findings in symptomatic male fragile X premutation carriers are characteristic of this disorder. Recognition of these alterations may support a specific diagnosis and may have implications for the potential occurrence of fragile X syndrome in the children of reproductive age female relatives." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="James A. Brunberg" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Sebastien Jacquemont" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Randi J. Hagerman" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Elizabeth M. Berry-Kravis" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jim Grigsby" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Maureen A. Leehey" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Flora Tassone" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W. Ted Brown" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Claudia M. Greco" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Paul J. Hagerman" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2002-11-01" />
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Fragile X Premutation Carriers: Characteristic MR Imaging Findings of Adult Male Patients with Progressive Cerebellar and Cognitive Dysfunction" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/i&gt; Our purpose was to characterize the findings of MR imaging of the brain of adult male fragile X premutation carriers with a recently identified disorder characterized by ataxia, tremor, rigidity, and cognitive dysfunction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;METHODS:&lt;/i&gt; MR imaging studies of the brain of 17 male patients were characterized for signal intensity and for size of ventricles, cerebral and cerebellar sulci, and brain stem. Comparison was made with age- and sex-matched control participants. Southern blot and/or polymerase chain reaction methods were used to analyze CGG trinucleotide repeats in the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/i&gt; Fifteen of 17 patients showed symmetrically decreased T1 and increased T2 signal intensity in cerebellar white matter lateral, superior, and inferior to the dentate nuclei. Fourteen of 17 had similar signal intensity alterations in the middle cerebellar peduncles. Cerebellar cortical atrophy was present in 16 of 17 and cerebral atrophy in 17 of 17. Evan’s Index as a measure of ventricular size averaged 0.35 (range, 0.25–0.46), with that for age-matched control participants averaging 0.28 (range, 0.24–0.31) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .005). The mean third ventricle width was 11 mm (for control participants, 6 mm; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01). Corpus callosum was thinned in 14 of 16 participants. Middle cerebellar peduncles were atrophic when compared with those of control participants (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .005). Pontine transverse dimension was 25 mm (for control participants, 31 mm; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .005), and rostral-caudal length averaged 26 mm (for control participants, 29 mm; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .005). CGG repeats clustered in the low to mid premutation range (86 ± 10 CGG repeats) in the 17 patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/i&gt; MR imaging findings in symptomatic male fragile X premutation carriers are characteristic of this disorder. Recognition of these alterations may support a specific diagnosis and may have implications for the potential occurrence of fragile X syndrome in the children of reproductive age female relatives.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Fragile X Premutation Carriers: Characteristic MR Imaging Findings of Adult Male Patients with Progressive Cerebellar and Cognitive Dysfunction" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to characterize the findings of MR imaging of the brain of adult male fragile X premutation carriers with a recently identified disorder characterized by ataxia, tremor, rigidity, and cognitive dysfunction.

METHODS: MR imaging studies of the brain of 17 male patients were characterized for signal intensity and for size of ventricles, cerebral and cerebellar sulci, and brain stem. Comparison was made with age- and sex-matched control participants. Southern blot and/or polymerase chain reaction methods were used to analyze CGG trinucleotide repeats in the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene.

RESULTS: Fifteen of 17 patients showed symmetrically decreased T1 and increased T2 signal intensity in cerebellar white matter lateral, superior, and inferior to the dentate nuclei. Fourteen of 17 had similar signal intensity alterations in the middle cerebellar peduncles. Cerebellar cortical atrophy was present in 16 of 17 and cerebral atrophy in 17 of 17. Evan’s Index as a measure of ventricular size averaged 0.35 (range, 0.25–0.46), with that for age-matched control participants averaging 0.28 (range, 0.24–0.31) ( P &lt; .005). The mean third ventricle width was 11 mm (for control participants, 6 mm; P &lt; .01). Corpus callosum was thinned in 14 of 16 participants. Middle cerebellar peduncles were atrophic when compared with those of control participants ( P &lt; .005). Pontine transverse dimension was 25 mm (for control participants, 31 mm; P &lt; .005), and rostral-caudal length averaged 26 mm (for control participants, 29 mm; P &lt; .005). CGG repeats clustered in the low to mid premutation range (86 ± 10 CGG repeats) in the 17 patients.

CONCLUSION: MR imaging findings in symptomatic male fragile X premutation carriers are characteristic of this disorder. Recognition of these alterations may support a specific diagnosis and may have implications for the potential occurrence of fragile X syndrome in the children of reproductive age female relatives." />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Fragile X Premutation Carriers: Characteristic MR Imaging Findings of Adult Male Patients with Progressive Cerebellar and Cognitive Dysfunction" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/23/10/1757" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to characterize the findings of MR imaging of the brain of adult male fragile X premutation carriers with a recently identified disorder characterized by ataxia, tremor, rigidity, and cognitive dysfunction.

METHODS: MR imaging studies of the brain of 17 male patients were characterized for signal intensity and for size of ventricles, cerebral and cerebellar sulci, and brain stem. Comparison was made with age- and sex-matched control participants. Southern blot and/or polymerase chain reaction methods were used to analyze CGG trinucleotide repeats in the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene.

RESULTS: Fifteen of 17 patients showed symmetrically decreased T1 and increased T2 signal intensity in cerebellar white matter lateral, superior, and inferior to the dentate nuclei. Fourteen of 17 had similar signal intensity alterations in the middle cerebellar peduncles. Cerebellar cortical atrophy was present in 16 of 17 and cerebral atrophy in 17 of 17. Evan’s Index as a measure of ventricular size averaged 0.35 (range, 0.25–0.46), with that for age-matched control participants averaging 0.28 (range, 0.24–0.31) ( P &lt; .005). The mean third ventricle width was 11 mm (for control participants, 6 mm; P &lt; .01). Corpus callosum was thinned in 14 of 16 participants. Middle cerebellar peduncles were atrophic when compared with those of control participants ( P &lt; .005). Pontine transverse dimension was 25 mm (for control participants, 31 mm; P &lt; .005), and rostral-caudal length averaged 26 mm (for control participants, 29 mm; P &lt; .005). CGG repeats clustered in the low to mid premutation range (86 ± 10 CGG repeats) in the 17 patients.

CONCLUSION: MR imaging findings in symptomatic male fragile X premutation carriers are characteristic of this disorder. Recognition of these alterations may support a specific diagnosis and may have implications for the potential occurrence of fragile X syndrome in the children of reproductive age female relatives." />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Fragile X Premutation Carriers: Characteristic MR Imaging Findings of Adult Male Patients with Progressive Cerebellar and Cognitive Dysfunction</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">James A. Brunberg</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Sebastien Jacquemont</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Randi J. Hagerman</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Elizabeth M. Berry-Kravis</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Jim Grigsby</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Maureen A. Leehey</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Flora Tassone</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">W. Ted Brown</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">Claudia M. Greco</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">Paul J. Hagerman</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">November 2002,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">23 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1757-1766; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-10307--61166528339" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">James A. 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Hagerman </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Randi%2BJ.%2BHagerman%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hagerman%20RJ&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ARandi%2BJ.%2BHagerman%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Elizabeth M. 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