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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Age and Sex Variability and Normal Reference Values for the VMCA/VICA Index" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2005-04-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="American Society of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The index of mean blood flow velocity ( V ) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) divided by respective velocity in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA), or V MCA/ V ICA index, is commonly used as a marker of vasospasm, although reference values are not established. We sought to provide reference data for these velocities and index.

METHODS: Transcranial color-coded duplex and carotid duplex sonography was performed in 335 healthy volunteers (211 women, 124 men; mean age ± SD, 42 ± 18 years; range, 18–86 years). Age analyses were based on three groups: I, &lt;40; II, 40–60; and III, &gt;60 years. The V MCA/ V ICA index was calculated based on angle-corrected blood flow velocities determined in the MCA and extracranial ICA.

RESULTS: Mean flow velocities in the MCA and ICA diminished with increasing age, most pronounced in those subjects &gt;40 years. The V MCA/ V ICA index increased significantly (1.67 + 0.005 [age]; P &lt; .05) with age in women, but not in men. In women, reference values and ranges for the V MCA/ V ICA index were as follows, by group: I, 1.82 (range, 0.88–2.68); II, 1.91 (range, 0.94–2.88); and III, 2.06 (range, 0.59–3.53). Respective values for men were as follows, by group: I, 2.10 (range, 0.96–3.24); II, 2.04 (range, 0.71–3.37); and III, 1.78 (range, 0.81–2.75). In subjects &lt;40 years, the V MCA/ V ICA index was significantly higher in men than in women.

CONCLUSION: The V MCA/ V ICA index significantly varies with age and sex. Sonographic diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm should be based on age- and sex-adjusted reference values of the V MCA/ V ICA index." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jaroslaw Krejza" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Piotr Szydlik" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="David S. Liebeskind" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jan Kochanowicz" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Oleg Bronov" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Zenon Mariak" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Elias R. Melhem" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2005-04-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Age and Sex Variability and Normal Reference Values for the VMCA/VICA Index" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/i&gt; The index of mean blood flow velocity (&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) divided by respective velocity in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA), or &lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;MCA&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ICA&lt;/sub&gt; index, is commonly used as a marker of vasospasm, although reference values are not established. We sought to provide reference data for these velocities and index.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;METHODS:&lt;/i&gt; Transcranial color-coded duplex and carotid duplex sonography was performed in 335 healthy volunteers (211 women, 124 men; mean age ± SD, 42 ± 18 years; range, 18–86 years). Age analyses were based on three groups: I, &amp;lt;40; II, 40–60; and III, &amp;gt;60 years. The &lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;MCA&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ICA&lt;/sub&gt; index was calculated based on angle-corrected blood flow velocities determined in the MCA and extracranial ICA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/i&gt; Mean flow velocities in the MCA and ICA diminished with increasing age, most pronounced in those subjects &amp;gt;40 years. The &lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;MCA&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ICA&lt;/sub&gt; index increased significantly (1.67 + 0.005 [age]; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .05) with age in women, but not in men. In women, reference values and ranges for the &lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;MCA&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ICA&lt;/sub&gt; index were as follows, by group: I, 1.82 (range, 0.88–2.68); II, 1.91 (range, 0.94–2.88); and III, 2.06 (range, 0.59–3.53). Respective values for men were as follows, by group: I, 2.10 (range, 0.96–3.24); II, 2.04 (range, 0.71–3.37); and III, 1.78 (range, 0.81–2.75). In subjects &amp;lt;40 years, the &lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;MCA&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ICA&lt;/sub&gt; index was significantly higher in men than in women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/i&gt; The &lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;MCA&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ICA&lt;/sub&gt; index significantly varies with age and sex. Sonographic diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm should be based on age- and sex-adjusted reference values of the &lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;MCA&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ICA&lt;/sub&gt; index.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Jaroslaw Krejza" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Piotr Szydlik" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="David S. Liebeskind" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Jan Kochanowicz" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Oleg Bronov" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Zenon Mariak" />
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<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Journal of neurosurgery;citation_journal_abbrev=J Neurosurg;citation_title=Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries.;citation_pages=769-774;citation_volume=57;citation_year=1982;citation_issue=6;citation_pmid=7143059;citation_doi=10.3171/jns.1982.57.6.0769" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Age and Sex Variability and Normal Reference Values for the VMCA/VICA Index" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The index of mean blood flow velocity ( V ) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) divided by respective velocity in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA), or V MCA/ V ICA index, is commonly used as a marker of vasospasm, although reference values are not established. We sought to provide reference data for these velocities and index.

METHODS: Transcranial color-coded duplex and carotid duplex sonography was performed in 335 healthy volunteers (211 women, 124 men; mean age ± SD, 42 ± 18 years; range, 18–86 years). Age analyses were based on three groups: I, &lt;40; II, 40–60; and III, &gt;60 years. The V MCA/ V ICA index was calculated based on angle-corrected blood flow velocities determined in the MCA and extracranial ICA.

RESULTS: Mean flow velocities in the MCA and ICA diminished with increasing age, most pronounced in those subjects &gt;40 years. The V MCA/ V ICA index increased significantly (1.67 + 0.005 [age]; P &lt; .05) with age in women, but not in men. In women, reference values and ranges for the V MCA/ V ICA index were as follows, by group: I, 1.82 (range, 0.88–2.68); II, 1.91 (range, 0.94–2.88); and III, 2.06 (range, 0.59–3.53). Respective values for men were as follows, by group: I, 2.10 (range, 0.96–3.24); II, 2.04 (range, 0.71–3.37); and III, 1.78 (range, 0.81–2.75). In subjects &lt;40 years, the V MCA/ V ICA index was significantly higher in men than in women.

CONCLUSION: The V MCA/ V ICA index significantly varies with age and sex. Sonographic diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm should be based on age- and sex-adjusted reference values of the V MCA/ V ICA index." />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Age and Sex Variability and Normal Reference Values for the VMCA/VICA Index" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/26/4/730" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The index of mean blood flow velocity ( V ) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) divided by respective velocity in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA), or V MCA/ V ICA index, is commonly used as a marker of vasospasm, although reference values are not established. We sought to provide reference data for these velocities and index.

METHODS: Transcranial color-coded duplex and carotid duplex sonography was performed in 335 healthy volunteers (211 women, 124 men; mean age ± SD, 42 ± 18 years; range, 18–86 years). Age analyses were based on three groups: I, &lt;40; II, 40–60; and III, &gt;60 years. The V MCA/ V ICA index was calculated based on angle-corrected blood flow velocities determined in the MCA and extracranial ICA.

RESULTS: Mean flow velocities in the MCA and ICA diminished with increasing age, most pronounced in those subjects &gt;40 years. The V MCA/ V ICA index increased significantly (1.67 + 0.005 [age]; P &lt; .05) with age in women, but not in men. In women, reference values and ranges for the V MCA/ V ICA index were as follows, by group: I, 1.82 (range, 0.88–2.68); II, 1.91 (range, 0.94–2.88); and III, 2.06 (range, 0.59–3.53). Respective values for men were as follows, by group: I, 2.10 (range, 0.96–3.24); II, 2.04 (range, 0.71–3.37); and III, 1.78 (range, 0.81–2.75). In subjects &lt;40 years, the V MCA/ V ICA index was significantly higher in men than in women.

CONCLUSION: The V MCA/ V ICA index significantly varies with age and sex. Sonographic diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm should be based on age- and sex-adjusted reference values of the V MCA/ V ICA index." />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Age and Sex Variability and Normal Reference Values for the <em>V</em><sub>MCA</sub>/<em>V</em><sub>ICA</sub> Index</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Jaroslaw Krejza</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Piotr Szydlik</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">David S. Liebeskind</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Jan Kochanowicz</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Oleg Bronov</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Zenon Mariak</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Elias R. Melhem</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">April 2005,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">26 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">730-735; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-1918--61957687430" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Jaroslaw Krejza </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Jaroslaw%2BKrejza%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Krejza%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJaroslaw%2BKrejza%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Piotr Szydlik </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Piotr%2BSzydlik%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Szydlik%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3APiotr%2BSzydlik%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">David S. 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