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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Functional Heterogeneity of the Supplementary Motor Area" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2005-08-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess supplementary motor area (SMA) activation during motor, sensory, word generation, listening comprehension, and working memory tasks by using functional MR imaging (fMRI). Human supplementary motor area (SMA) has been shown to play roles in motor control and other various functions such as sensory, speech expression, and memory. However, topographical localizations of these functions in the SMA remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess SMA activation during motor, sensory, word generation, listening comprehension, and working memory tasks by using functional MR imaging (fMRI).

METHODS: Sixteen healthy right-handed subjects (nine men and seven women) were imaged on a Siemens 1.5T system. Whole-brain functional maps were acquired by using blood oxygenation level–dependent echo-planar imaging sequences in the axial plane. Each paradigm consisted of five epochs of activation versus the control condition. The activation tasks consisted of left-finger complex movement, heat sensory stimulation of the left hand, word generation, listening comprehension, and working memory. The reference function was a boxcar waveform. Activation maps were thresholded at an uncorrected P = .0001. The thresholded activation maps were placed into MNI (Montreal Neurologic Institute) stereotactic coordinates, and the anatomic localization of activation within the SMA was compared across tasks.

RESULTS: SMA activation was observed in 16 volunteers for the motor task, 11 for the sensory task, 15 for the word generation task, five for the listening comprehension task, and 15 for the working memory task. Although not statistically significant, qualitative differences in the location of activation within the SMA were present by task. The rostral aspects of the SMA tended to activate during word generation and working memory tasks, and the caudal aspect of the SMA tended to activate during the motor and sensory tasks. Right (contralateral) SMA activation was observed during the motor and sensory tasks, and left SMA activation during the word generation and memory tasks.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that SMA is involved in a variety of functional tasks, including motor, sensory, word generation, and working memory. Some are tasks that are traditionally associated with this area (such as motor and sensory), and others are not (such as word generation and working memory). Qualitatively, the anterior and posterior portions of the SMA appeared to be engaged by different types of tasks." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Gyung Ho Chung" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Young Min Han" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Su Hyun Jeong" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Clifford R. Jack" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2005-08-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Functional Heterogeneity of the Supplementary Motor Area" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/i&gt; The purpose of this study was to assess supplementary motor area (SMA) activation during motor, sensory, word generation, listening comprehension, and working memory tasks by using functional MR imaging (fMRI). Human supplementary motor area (SMA) has been shown to play roles in motor control and other various functions such as sensory, speech expression, and memory. However, topographical localizations of these functions in the SMA remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess SMA activation during motor, sensory, word generation, listening comprehension, and working memory tasks by using functional MR imaging (fMRI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;METHODS:&lt;/i&gt; Sixteen healthy right-handed subjects (nine men and seven women) were imaged on a Siemens 1.5T system. Whole-brain functional maps were acquired by using blood oxygenation level–dependent echo-planar imaging sequences in the axial plane. Each paradigm consisted of five epochs of activation versus the control condition. The activation tasks consisted of left-finger complex movement, heat sensory stimulation of the left hand, word generation, listening comprehension, and working memory. The reference function was a boxcar waveform. Activation maps were thresholded at an uncorrected &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .0001. The thresholded activation maps were placed into MNI (Montreal Neurologic Institute) stereotactic coordinates, and the anatomic localization of activation within the SMA was compared across tasks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/i&gt; SMA activation was observed in 16 volunteers for the motor task, 11 for the sensory task, 15 for the word generation task, five for the listening comprehension task, and 15 for the working memory task. Although not statistically significant, qualitative differences in the location of activation within the SMA were present by task. The rostral aspects of the SMA tended to activate during word generation and working memory tasks, and the caudal aspect of the SMA tended to activate during the motor and sensory tasks. Right (contralateral) SMA activation was observed during the motor and sensory tasks, and left SMA activation during the word generation and memory tasks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/i&gt; Our results suggest that SMA is involved in a variety of functional tasks, including motor, sensory, word generation, and working memory. Some are tasks that are traditionally associated with this area (such as motor and sensory), and others are not (such as word generation and working memory). Qualitatively, the anterior and posterior portions of the SMA appeared to be engaged by different types of tasks.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Functional Heterogeneity of the Supplementary Motor Area" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess supplementary motor area (SMA) activation during motor, sensory, word generation, listening comprehension, and working memory tasks by using functional MR imaging (fMRI). Human supplementary motor area (SMA) has been shown to play roles in motor control and other various functions such as sensory, speech expression, and memory. However, topographical localizations of these functions in the SMA remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess SMA activation during motor, sensory, word generation, listening comprehension, and working memory tasks by using functional MR imaging (fMRI).

METHODS: Sixteen healthy right-handed subjects (nine men and seven women) were imaged on a Siemens 1.5T system. Whole-brain functional maps were acquired by using blood oxygenation level–dependent echo-planar imaging sequences in the axial plane. Each paradigm consisted of five epochs of activation versus the control condition. The activation tasks consisted of left-finger complex movement, heat sensory stimulation of the left hand, word generation, listening comprehension, and working memory. The reference function was a boxcar waveform. Activation maps were thresholded at an uncorrected P = .0001. The thresholded activation maps were placed into MNI (Montreal Neurologic Institute) stereotactic coordinates, and the anatomic localization of activation within the SMA was compared across tasks.

RESULTS: SMA activation was observed in 16 volunteers for the motor task, 11 for the sensory task, 15 for the word generation task, five for the listening comprehension task, and 15 for the working memory task. Although not statistically significant, qualitative differences in the location of activation within the SMA were present by task. The rostral aspects of the SMA tended to activate during word generation and working memory tasks, and the caudal aspect of the SMA tended to activate during the motor and sensory tasks. Right (contralateral) SMA activation was observed during the motor and sensory tasks, and left SMA activation during the word generation and memory tasks.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that SMA is involved in a variety of functional tasks, including motor, sensory, word generation, and working memory. Some are tasks that are traditionally associated with this area (such as motor and sensory), and others are not (such as word generation and working memory). Qualitatively, the anterior and posterior portions of the SMA appeared to be engaged by different types of tasks." />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess supplementary motor area (SMA) activation during motor, sensory, word generation, listening comprehension, and working memory tasks by using functional MR imaging (fMRI). Human supplementary motor area (SMA) has been shown to play roles in motor control and other various functions such as sensory, speech expression, and memory. However, topographical localizations of these functions in the SMA remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess SMA activation during motor, sensory, word generation, listening comprehension, and working memory tasks by using functional MR imaging (fMRI).

METHODS: Sixteen healthy right-handed subjects (nine men and seven women) were imaged on a Siemens 1.5T system. Whole-brain functional maps were acquired by using blood oxygenation level–dependent echo-planar imaging sequences in the axial plane. Each paradigm consisted of five epochs of activation versus the control condition. The activation tasks consisted of left-finger complex movement, heat sensory stimulation of the left hand, word generation, listening comprehension, and working memory. The reference function was a boxcar waveform. Activation maps were thresholded at an uncorrected P = .0001. The thresholded activation maps were placed into MNI (Montreal Neurologic Institute) stereotactic coordinates, and the anatomic localization of activation within the SMA was compared across tasks.

RESULTS: SMA activation was observed in 16 volunteers for the motor task, 11 for the sensory task, 15 for the word generation task, five for the listening comprehension task, and 15 for the working memory task. Although not statistically significant, qualitative differences in the location of activation within the SMA were present by task. The rostral aspects of the SMA tended to activate during word generation and working memory tasks, and the caudal aspect of the SMA tended to activate during the motor and sensory tasks. Right (contralateral) SMA activation was observed during the motor and sensory tasks, and left SMA activation during the word generation and memory tasks.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that SMA is involved in a variety of functional tasks, including motor, sensory, word generation, and working memory. Some are tasks that are traditionally associated with this area (such as motor and sensory), and others are not (such as word generation and working memory). Qualitatively, the anterior and posterior portions of the SMA appeared to be engaged by different types of tasks." />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Functional Heterogeneity of the Supplementary Motor Area</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Gyung Ho Chung</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Young Min Han</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Su Hyun Jeong</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Clifford R. Jack</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">August 2005,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">26 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1819-1823; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-3100--61570337834" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Gyung Ho Chung </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Gyung%2BHo%2BChung%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chung%20GH&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AGyung%2BHo%2BChung%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Young Min Han </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Young%2BMin%2BHan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Han%20YM&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AYoung%2BMin%2BHan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Su Hyun Jeong </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Su%2BHyun%2BJeong%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jeong%20SH&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ASu%2BHyun%2BJeong%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Clifford R. Jack <span class="nlm-suffix">Jr.</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Clifford%2BR.%2BJack%2B%3Cspan%2Bclass%3D%22nlm-suffix%22%3EJr.%3C/span%3E" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jack%20CR&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AClifford%2BR.%2BJack%2BJr." rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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