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<meta name="DC.Title" content="The Present and the Future of Neuroimaging in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="SUMMARY: In patients with ALS, conventional MR imaging is frequently noninformative, and its use has been restricted to excluding other conditions that can mimic ALS. Conversely, the extensive application of modern MR imaging−based techniques to the study of ALS has undoubtedly improved our understanding of disease pathophysiology and is likely to have a role in the identification of potential biomarkers of disease progression. This review summarizes how new MR imaging technology is changing dramatically our understanding of the factors associated with ALS evolution and highlights the reasons why it should be used more extensively in studies of disease progression, including clinical trials.

ALS
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ALSFRS
:   ALS Functional Rating Scale
Cho
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Cr
:   creatine
CST
:   corticospinal tract
DTI
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FA
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FLAIR
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fMRI
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FTD
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FUS/TLS
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GM
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1H-MR spectroscopy
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L
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LMN
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MD
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MT
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MTR
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ns
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PD
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R
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SOD1
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SPM
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UMN
:   upper motor neuron
VBM
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WM
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&lt;p&gt;In patients with ALS, conventional MR imaging is frequently noninformative, and its use has been restricted to excluding other conditions that can mimic ALS. Conversely, the extensive application of modern MR imaging−based techniques to the study of ALS has undoubtedly improved our understanding of disease pathophysiology and is likely to have a role in the identification of potential biomarkers of disease progression. This review summarizes how new MR imaging technology is changing dramatically our understanding of the factors associated with ALS evolution and highlights the reasons why it should be used more extensively in studies of disease progression, including clinical trials.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="The Present and the Future of Neuroimaging in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="SUMMARY: In patients with ALS, conventional MR imaging is frequently noninformative, and its use has been restricted to excluding other conditions that can mimic ALS. Conversely, the extensive application of modern MR imaging−based techniques to the study of ALS has undoubtedly improved our understanding of disease pathophysiology and is likely to have a role in the identification of potential biomarkers of disease progression. This review summarizes how new MR imaging technology is changing dramatically our understanding of the factors associated with ALS evolution and highlights the reasons why it should be used more extensively in studies of disease progression, including clinical trials.

ALS
:   amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALSFRS
:   ALS Functional Rating Scale
Cho
:   choline
Cr
:   creatine
CST
:   corticospinal tract
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
fMRI
:   functional MR imaging
FTD
:   frontotemporal dementia
FUS/TLS
:   fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma gene
GM
:   gray matter
1H-MR spectroscopy
:   proton MR spectroscopy
L
:   left
LMN
:   lower motor neuron
MD
:   mean diffusivity
mIns
:   myo-inositol
MT
:   magnetization transfer
MTR
:   MT ratio
NAA
:   N -acetylaspartate
ns
:   not significant
PD
:   proton density
R
:   right
SOD1
:   superoxide dismutase 1
SPM
:   statistical parametric mapping
TDP-43
:   TAR DNA-binding protein gene
UMN
:   upper motor neuron
VBM
:   voxel-based morphometry
WM
:   white matter" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="The Present and the Future of Neuroimaging in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/31/10/1769" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="SUMMARY: In patients with ALS, conventional MR imaging is frequently noninformative, and its use has been restricted to excluding other conditions that can mimic ALS. Conversely, the extensive application of modern MR imaging−based techniques to the study of ALS has undoubtedly improved our understanding of disease pathophysiology and is likely to have a role in the identification of potential biomarkers of disease progression. This review summarizes how new MR imaging technology is changing dramatically our understanding of the factors associated with ALS evolution and highlights the reasons why it should be used more extensively in studies of disease progression, including clinical trials.

ALS
:   amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALSFRS
:   ALS Functional Rating Scale
Cho
:   choline
Cr
:   creatine
CST
:   corticospinal tract
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
fMRI
:   functional MR imaging
FTD
:   frontotemporal dementia
FUS/TLS
:   fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma gene
GM
:   gray matter
1H-MR spectroscopy
:   proton MR spectroscopy
L
:   left
LMN
:   lower motor neuron
MD
:   mean diffusivity
mIns
:   myo-inositol
MT
:   magnetization transfer
MTR
:   MT ratio
NAA
:   N -acetylaspartate
ns
:   not significant
PD
:   proton density
R
:   right
SOD1
:   superoxide dismutase 1
SPM
:   statistical parametric mapping
TDP-43
:   TAR DNA-binding protein gene
UMN
:   upper motor neuron
VBM
:   voxel-based morphometry
WM
:   white matter" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node9693--5" data-node-nid="9693" id="top-node-9693--61674061216" data-pisa="ajnr;31/10/1769" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A2043" data-apath="/ajnr/31/10/1769.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">The Present and the Future of Neuroimaging in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">F. Agosta</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">A. Chiò</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">M. Cosottini</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">N. De Stefano</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">A. Falini</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">M. Mascalchi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">M.A. Rocca</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">V. Silani</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">G. Tedeschi</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">M. Filippi</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">November 2010,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">31 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1769-1777; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2043 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-9693--61674061216" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Agosta </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BAgosta%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Agosta%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BAgosta%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. 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Cosottini </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BCosottini%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cosottini%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BCosottini%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N. 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<p id="p-2"><strong>SUMMARY:</strong> In patients with ALS, conventional MR imaging is frequently noninformative, and its use has been restricted to excluding other conditions that can mimic ALS. Conversely, the extensive application of modern MR imaging−based techniques to the study of ALS has undoubtedly improved our understanding of disease pathophysiology and is likely to have a role in the identification of potential biomarkers of disease progression. This review summarizes how new MR imaging technology is changing dramatically our understanding of the factors associated with ALS evolution and highlights the reasons why it should be used more extensively in studies of disease progression, including clinical trials.</p>
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</div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2>Abbreviations</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">ALS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>amyotrophic lateral sclerosis<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">ALSFRS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>ALS Functional Rating Scale<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">Cho<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>choline<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">Cr<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>creatine<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">CST<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>corticospinal tract<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">DTI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>diffusion tensor imaging<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">FA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>fractional anisotropy<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">FLAIR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>fluid-attenuated inversion recovery<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">fMRI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>functional MR imaging<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-10">FTD<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>frontotemporal dementia<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-11">FUS/TLS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma gene<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-12">GM<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>gray matter<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-13"><sup>1</sup>H-MR spectroscopy<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>proton MR spectroscopy<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-14">L<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>left<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-15">LMN<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>lower motor neuron<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-16">MD<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>mean diffusivity<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-17">mIns<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>myo-inositol<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-18">MT<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>magnetization transfer<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-19">MTR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>MT ratio<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-20">NAA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd><em>N</em>-acetylaspartate<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-21">ns<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>not significant<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-22">PD<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>proton density<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-23">R<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>right<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-24">SOD1<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>superoxide dismutase 1<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-25">SPM<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>statistical parametric mapping<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-26">TDP-43<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>TAR DNA-binding protein gene<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-27">UMN<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>upper motor neuron<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-28">VBM<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>voxel-based morphometry<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-29">WM<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>white matter</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/31/10/1769.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Agosta</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chiò</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cosottini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">De Stefano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Falini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mascalchi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rocca</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Silani</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tedeschi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Filippi</span></span></span></div>
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">The Present and the Future of Neuroimaging in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Agosta</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chiò</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cosottini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">De Stefano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Falini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mascalchi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rocca</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Silani</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tedeschi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Filippi</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 2010, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">31 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1769-1777; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2043 </span></div>
  
  
  
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