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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Comparison of the Added Value of Contrast-Enhanced 3D Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery and Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo Sequences in Relation to Conventional Postcontrast T1-Weighted Images for the Evaluation of Leptomeningeal Diseases at 3T" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A1937" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2010-05-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The usefulness of contrast-enhanced 3D T2-FLAIR MR imaging for the evaluation of leptomeningeal diseases has not been systematically investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the value added by contrast-enhanced 3D T2-FLAIR and MPRAGE sequences to conventional postcontrast T1-weighted images in the evaluation of leptomeningeal diseases. We also undertook in vitro studies in attempts to understand the consequences of our patient study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with confirmed leptomeningeal diseases underwent postcontrast T1-weighted, MPRAGE, and 3D T2-FLAIR imaging at 3T. Two radiologists independently assessed the presence of additional information on postcontrast 3D MR images compared with postcontrast T1-weighted images. The effect of different Gd concentrations and flow velocities on the signal intensity on 3D T2-FLAIR images was investigated in vitro.

RESULTS: According to both reviewers, 3D T2-FLAIR images yielded significantly more information than did MPRAGE images ( P &lt; .05 and P &lt; .01, respectively). In the in vitro study, 3D T2-FLAIR was more highly sensitive to low Gd concentrations and less sensitive to high Gd concentrations than were T1-weighted or MPRAGE sequences. On 3D T2-FLAIR sequences, at a flow velocity exceeding 1.0 cm/s, the signal intensity of blood-mimicking fluids at concentrations of 0 and 0.1 mmol/L was as low as at 1.3 mmol/L.

CONCLUSIONS: For the depiction of leptomeningeal diseases, postcontrast 3D T2-FLAIR provides more additional information than postcontrast MPRAGE imaging. The superiority of the 3D T2-FLAIR sequence is associated with its high sensitivity to flow.

FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
Gd
:   gadolinium
MPRAGE
:   magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo
SI
:   signal intensity" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Fukuoka" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T. Hirai" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T. Okuda" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Shigematsu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Sasao" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Kimura" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T. Hirano" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Yano" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Murakami" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Yamashita" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2010-05-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Comparison of the Added Value of Contrast-Enhanced 3D Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery and Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo Sequences in Relation to Conventional Postcontrast T1-Weighted Images for the Evaluation of Leptomeningeal Diseases at 3T" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The usefulness of contrast-enhanced 3D T2-FLAIR MR imaging for the evaluation of leptomeningeal diseases has not been systematically investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the value added by contrast-enhanced 3D T2-FLAIR and MPRAGE sequences to conventional postcontrast T1-weighted images in the evaluation of leptomeningeal diseases. We also undertook in vitro studies in attempts to understand the consequences of our patient study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Twelve patients with confirmed leptomeningeal diseases underwent postcontrast T1-weighted, MPRAGE, and 3D T2-FLAIR imaging at 3T. Two radiologists independently assessed the presence of additional information on postcontrast 3D MR images compared with postcontrast T1-weighted images. The effect of different Gd concentrations and flow velocities on the signal intensity on 3D T2-FLAIR images was investigated in vitro.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;According to both reviewers, 3D T2-FLAIR images yielded significantly more information than did MPRAGE images (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .05 and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01, respectively). In the in vitro study, 3D T2-FLAIR was more highly sensitive to low Gd concentrations and less sensitive to high Gd concentrations than were T1-weighted or MPRAGE sequences. On 3D T2-FLAIR sequences, at a flow velocity exceeding 1.0 cm/s, the signal intensity of blood-mimicking fluids at concentrations of 0 and 0.1 mmol/L was as low as at 1.3 mmol/L.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For the depiction of leptomeningeal diseases, postcontrast 3D T2-FLAIR provides more additional information than postcontrast MPRAGE imaging. The superiority of the 3D T2-FLAIR sequence is associated with its high sensitivity to flow.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Comparison of the Added Value of Contrast-Enhanced 3D Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery and Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo Sequences in Relation to Conventional Postcontrast T1-Weighted Images for the Evaluation of Leptomeningeal Diseases at 3T" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The usefulness of contrast-enhanced 3D T2-FLAIR MR imaging for the evaluation of leptomeningeal diseases has not been systematically investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the value added by contrast-enhanced 3D T2-FLAIR and MPRAGE sequences to conventional postcontrast T1-weighted images in the evaluation of leptomeningeal diseases. We also undertook in vitro studies in attempts to understand the consequences of our patient study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with confirmed leptomeningeal diseases underwent postcontrast T1-weighted, MPRAGE, and 3D T2-FLAIR imaging at 3T. Two radiologists independently assessed the presence of additional information on postcontrast 3D MR images compared with postcontrast T1-weighted images. The effect of different Gd concentrations and flow velocities on the signal intensity on 3D T2-FLAIR images was investigated in vitro.

RESULTS: According to both reviewers, 3D T2-FLAIR images yielded significantly more information than did MPRAGE images ( P &lt; .05 and P &lt; .01, respectively). In the in vitro study, 3D T2-FLAIR was more highly sensitive to low Gd concentrations and less sensitive to high Gd concentrations than were T1-weighted or MPRAGE sequences. On 3D T2-FLAIR sequences, at a flow velocity exceeding 1.0 cm/s, the signal intensity of blood-mimicking fluids at concentrations of 0 and 0.1 mmol/L was as low as at 1.3 mmol/L.

CONCLUSIONS: For the depiction of leptomeningeal diseases, postcontrast 3D T2-FLAIR provides more additional information than postcontrast MPRAGE imaging. The superiority of the 3D T2-FLAIR sequence is associated with its high sensitivity to flow.

FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
Gd
:   gadolinium
MPRAGE
:   magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo
SI
:   signal intensity" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Comparison of the Added Value of Contrast-Enhanced 3D Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery and Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo Sequences in Relation to Conventional Postcontrast T1-Weighted Images for the Evaluation of Leptomeningeal Diseases at 3T" />
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<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The usefulness of contrast-enhanced 3D T2-FLAIR MR imaging for the evaluation of leptomeningeal diseases has not been systematically investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the value added by contrast-enhanced 3D T2-FLAIR and MPRAGE sequences to conventional postcontrast T1-weighted images in the evaluation of leptomeningeal diseases. We also undertook in vitro studies in attempts to understand the consequences of our patient study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with confirmed leptomeningeal diseases underwent postcontrast T1-weighted, MPRAGE, and 3D T2-FLAIR imaging at 3T. Two radiologists independently assessed the presence of additional information on postcontrast 3D MR images compared with postcontrast T1-weighted images. The effect of different Gd concentrations and flow velocities on the signal intensity on 3D T2-FLAIR images was investigated in vitro.

RESULTS: According to both reviewers, 3D T2-FLAIR images yielded significantly more information than did MPRAGE images ( P &lt; .05 and P &lt; .01, respectively). In the in vitro study, 3D T2-FLAIR was more highly sensitive to low Gd concentrations and less sensitive to high Gd concentrations than were T1-weighted or MPRAGE sequences. On 3D T2-FLAIR sequences, at a flow velocity exceeding 1.0 cm/s, the signal intensity of blood-mimicking fluids at concentrations of 0 and 0.1 mmol/L was as low as at 1.3 mmol/L.

CONCLUSIONS: For the depiction of leptomeningeal diseases, postcontrast 3D T2-FLAIR provides more additional information than postcontrast MPRAGE imaging. The superiority of the 3D T2-FLAIR sequence is associated with its high sensitivity to flow.

FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
Gd
:   gadolinium
MPRAGE
:   magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo
SI
:   signal intensity" />
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    <title>Comparison of the Added Value of Contrast-Enhanced 3D Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery and Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo Sequences in Relation to Conventional Postcontrast T1-Weighted Images for the Evaluation of Leptomenin… | American Journal of Neuroradiology</title>  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Comparison of the Added Value of Contrast-Enhanced 3D Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery and Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo Sequences in Relation to Conventional Postcontrast T1-Weighted Images for the Evaluation of Leptomeningeal Diseases at 3T</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">H. Fukuoka</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">T. Hirai</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">T. Okuda</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Y. Shigematsu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">A. Sasao</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">E. Kimura</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">T. Hirano</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">S. Yano</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">R. Murakami</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">Y. Yamashita</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2010,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">31 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">868-873; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1937 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-9878--61552798171" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H. Fukuoka </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.%2BFukuoka%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Fukuoka%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.%2BFukuoka%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T. 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<p id="p-3"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> The usefulness of contrast-enhanced 3D T2-FLAIR MR imaging for the evaluation of leptomeningeal diseases has not been systematically investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the value added by contrast-enhanced 3D T2-FLAIR and MPRAGE sequences to conventional postcontrast T1-weighted images in the evaluation of leptomeningeal diseases. We also undertook in vitro studies in attempts to understand the consequences of our patient study.</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Twelve patients with confirmed leptomeningeal diseases underwent postcontrast T1-weighted, MPRAGE, and 3D T2-FLAIR imaging at 3T. Two radiologists independently assessed the presence of additional information on postcontrast 3D MR images compared with postcontrast T1-weighted images. The effect of different Gd concentrations and flow velocities on the signal intensity on 3D T2-FLAIR images was investigated in vitro.</p>
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<p id="p-5"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> According to both reviewers, 3D T2-FLAIR images yielded significantly more information than did MPRAGE images (<em>P</em> &lt; .05 and <em>P</em> &lt; .01, respectively). In the in vitro study, 3D T2-FLAIR was more highly sensitive to low Gd concentrations and less sensitive to high Gd concentrations than were T1-weighted or MPRAGE sequences. On 3D T2-FLAIR sequences, at a flow velocity exceeding 1.0 cm/s, the signal intensity of blood-mimicking fluids at concentrations of 0 and 0.1 mmol/L was as low as at 1.3 mmol/L.</p>
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<p id="p-6"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> For the depiction of leptomeningeal diseases, postcontrast 3D T2-FLAIR provides more additional information than postcontrast MPRAGE imaging. The superiority of the 3D T2-FLAIR sequence is associated with its high sensitivity to flow.</p>
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</div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2>Abbreviations</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">FLAIR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>fluid-attenuated inversion recovery<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">Gd<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>gadolinium<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">MPRAGE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">SI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>signal intensity</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/31/5/868.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Comparison of the Added Value of Contrast-Enhanced 3D Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery and Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo Sequences in Relation to Conventional Postcontrast T1-Weighted Images for the Evaluation of Leptomeningeal Diseases at 3T</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fukuoka</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hirai</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Okuda</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shigematsu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sasao</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kimura</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hirano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Murakami</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yamashita</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2010, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">31 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">868-873; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A1937 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node9878--3" data-node-nid="9878" id="share-node-9878--4250808569" data-pisa="ajnr;31/5/868" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A1937" data-apath="/ajnr/31/5/868.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Comparison of the Added Value of Contrast-Enhanced 3D Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery and Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo Sequences in Relation to Conventional Postcontrast T1-Weighted Images for the Evaluation of Leptomeningeal Diseases at 3T</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fukuoka</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hirai</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Okuda</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shigematsu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sasao</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kimura</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hirano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Murakami</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yamashita</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2010, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">31 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">868-873; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A1937 </span></div>
  
  
  
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