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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Hippocampal Abnormalities in an MR Imaging Series of Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A1972" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2010-06-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hippocampal abnormalities are known as highly epileptogenic precursor lesions in the general population, primarily manifesting as MTS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of hippocampal abnormalities on MR imaging in patients with TS to explore the possible underlying mechanisms of the abnormalities and to identify the relationship between an abnormal HF and epilepsy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied MR images and clinical data from 31 patients with TS. The MR imaging protocol was identical for all patients and included tilted coronal images of their temporal lobes. The diagnosis of TSC was made according to established criteria. The HFs of the patients were evaluated from coronal images according to size, morphology, and signal intensity. The data were submitted to statistical analysis, and P values ≤ .05 were considered significant.

RESULTS: We found HF abnormalities in 5 patients. Four had typical MTS, and 1 had HIMAL. We found a positive correlation between childhood febrile seizures and MTS in patients with TS. We also confirmed that patients with altered hippocampi had a tendency to exhibit more cortical tubers.

CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of this series of patients demonstrated the presence of HF abnormalities, mainly MTS in patients with TS. We also found that the occurrence of febrile seizures during the first year of life appears to be one of the determining factors for MTS development in these patients.

A
:   atonic
CNS
:   central nervous system
CP
:   complex partial
EEG
:   electroencephalography
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
GTC
:   generalized tonic-clonic
HF
:   hippocampal formation
HIMAL
:   hippocampal malrotation
LF
:   left frontal
LO
:   left occipital
LP
:   left parietal
LT
:   left temporal
MTC
:   magnetization transfer contrast
MTS
:   mesial temporal sclerosis
N
:   no
PET
:   positron-emission tomography
RF
:   right frontal
RO
:   right occipital
RP
:   right parietal
RT
:   right temporal
SE
:   spin-echo
SP
:   simple partial
TS
:   tuberous sclerosis
TSC
:   tuberous sclerosis complex
Y
:   yes" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H.P.P. Gama" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.J. da Rocha" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.M.F. Valério" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C.J. da Silva" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L.Á.L. Garcia" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2010-06-01" />
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Hippocampal Abnormalities in an MR Imaging Series of Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hippocampal abnormalities are known as highly epileptogenic precursor lesions in the general population, primarily manifesting as MTS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of hippocampal abnormalities on MR imaging in patients with TS to explore the possible underlying mechanisms of the abnormalities and to identify the relationship between an abnormal HF and epilepsy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We studied MR images and clinical data from 31 patients with TS. The MR imaging protocol was identical for all patients and included tilted coronal images of their temporal lobes. The diagnosis of TSC was made according to established criteria. The HFs of the patients were evaluated from coronal images according to size, morphology, and signal intensity. The data were submitted to statistical analysis, and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values ≤ .05 were considered significant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We found HF abnormalities in 5 patients. Four had typical MTS, and 1 had HIMAL. We found a positive correlation between childhood febrile seizures and MTS in patients with TS. We also confirmed that patients with altered hippocampi had a tendency to exhibit more cortical tubers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Analysis of this series of patients demonstrated the presence of HF abnormalities, mainly MTS in patients with TS. We also found that the occurrence of febrile seizures during the first year of life appears to be one of the determining factors for MTS development in these patients.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Hippocampal Abnormalities in an MR Imaging Series of Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hippocampal abnormalities are known as highly epileptogenic precursor lesions in the general population, primarily manifesting as MTS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of hippocampal abnormalities on MR imaging in patients with TS to explore the possible underlying mechanisms of the abnormalities and to identify the relationship between an abnormal HF and epilepsy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied MR images and clinical data from 31 patients with TS. The MR imaging protocol was identical for all patients and included tilted coronal images of their temporal lobes. The diagnosis of TSC was made according to established criteria. The HFs of the patients were evaluated from coronal images according to size, morphology, and signal intensity. The data were submitted to statistical analysis, and P values ≤ .05 were considered significant.

RESULTS: We found HF abnormalities in 5 patients. Four had typical MTS, and 1 had HIMAL. We found a positive correlation between childhood febrile seizures and MTS in patients with TS. We also confirmed that patients with altered hippocampi had a tendency to exhibit more cortical tubers.

CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of this series of patients demonstrated the presence of HF abnormalities, mainly MTS in patients with TS. We also found that the occurrence of febrile seizures during the first year of life appears to be one of the determining factors for MTS development in these patients.

A
:   atonic
CNS
:   central nervous system
CP
:   complex partial
EEG
:   electroencephalography
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
GTC
:   generalized tonic-clonic
HF
:   hippocampal formation
HIMAL
:   hippocampal malrotation
LF
:   left frontal
LO
:   left occipital
LP
:   left parietal
LT
:   left temporal
MTC
:   magnetization transfer contrast
MTS
:   mesial temporal sclerosis
N
:   no
PET
:   positron-emission tomography
RF
:   right frontal
RO
:   right occipital
RP
:   right parietal
RT
:   right temporal
SE
:   spin-echo
SP
:   simple partial
TS
:   tuberous sclerosis
TSC
:   tuberous sclerosis complex
Y
:   yes" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Hippocampal Abnormalities in an MR Imaging Series of Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/31/6/1059" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hippocampal abnormalities are known as highly epileptogenic precursor lesions in the general population, primarily manifesting as MTS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of hippocampal abnormalities on MR imaging in patients with TS to explore the possible underlying mechanisms of the abnormalities and to identify the relationship between an abnormal HF and epilepsy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied MR images and clinical data from 31 patients with TS. The MR imaging protocol was identical for all patients and included tilted coronal images of their temporal lobes. The diagnosis of TSC was made according to established criteria. The HFs of the patients were evaluated from coronal images according to size, morphology, and signal intensity. The data were submitted to statistical analysis, and P values ≤ .05 were considered significant.

RESULTS: We found HF abnormalities in 5 patients. Four had typical MTS, and 1 had HIMAL. We found a positive correlation between childhood febrile seizures and MTS in patients with TS. We also confirmed that patients with altered hippocampi had a tendency to exhibit more cortical tubers.

CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of this series of patients demonstrated the presence of HF abnormalities, mainly MTS in patients with TS. We also found that the occurrence of febrile seizures during the first year of life appears to be one of the determining factors for MTS development in these patients.

A
:   atonic
CNS
:   central nervous system
CP
:   complex partial
EEG
:   electroencephalography
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
GTC
:   generalized tonic-clonic
HF
:   hippocampal formation
HIMAL
:   hippocampal malrotation
LF
:   left frontal
LO
:   left occipital
LP
:   left parietal
LT
:   left temporal
MTC
:   magnetization transfer contrast
MTS
:   mesial temporal sclerosis
N
:   no
PET
:   positron-emission tomography
RF
:   right frontal
RO
:   right occipital
RP
:   right parietal
RT
:   right temporal
SE
:   spin-echo
SP
:   simple partial
TS
:   tuberous sclerosis
TSC
:   tuberous sclerosis complex
Y
:   yes" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Hippocampal Abnormalities in an MR Imaging Series of Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">H.P.P. Gama</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">A.J. da Rocha</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">R.M.F. Valério</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">C.J. da Silva</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">L.Á.L. Garcia</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">June 2010,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">31 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1059-1062; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1972 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-9932--61775249330" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H.P.P. Gama </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.P.P.%2BGama%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gama%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.P.P.%2BGama%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.J. da Rocha </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.J.%2Bda%2BRocha%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=da%20Rocha%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.J.%2Bda%2BRocha%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.M.F. Valério </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.M.F.%2BVal%C3%A9rio%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Val%C3%A9rio%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.M.F.%2BVal%25C3%25A9rio%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C.J. da Silva </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.J.%2Bda%2BSilva%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=da%20Silva%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.J.%2Bda%2BSilva%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L.Á.L. Garcia </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%C3%81.L.%2BGarcia%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Garcia%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%25C3%2581.L.%2BGarcia%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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<p id="p-1"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Hippocampal abnormalities are known as highly epileptogenic precursor lesions in the general population, primarily manifesting as MTS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of hippocampal abnormalities on MR imaging in patients with TS to explore the possible underlying mechanisms of the abnormalities and to identify the relationship between an abnormal HF and epilepsy.</p>
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<p id="p-2"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> We studied MR images and clinical data from 31 patients with TS. The MR imaging protocol was identical for all patients and included tilted coronal images of their temporal lobes. The diagnosis of TSC was made according to established criteria. The HFs of the patients were evaluated from coronal images according to size, morphology, and signal intensity. The data were submitted to statistical analysis, and <em>P</em> values ≤ .05 were considered significant.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> We found HF abnormalities in 5 patients. Four had typical MTS, and 1 had HIMAL. We found a positive correlation between childhood febrile seizures and MTS in patients with TS. We also confirmed that patients with altered hippocampi had a tendency to exhibit more cortical tubers.</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Analysis of this series of patients demonstrated the presence of HF abnormalities, mainly MTS in patients with TS. We also found that the occurrence of febrile seizures during the first year of life appears to be one of the determining factors for MTS development in these patients.</p>
</div></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2>Abbreviations</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">A<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>atonic<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">CNS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>central nervous system<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">CP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>complex partial<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">EEG<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>electroencephalography<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">FLAIR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>fluid-attenuated inversion recovery<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">GTC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>generalized tonic-clonic<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">HF<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>hippocampal formation<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">HIMAL<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>hippocampal malrotation<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">LF<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>left frontal<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-10">LO<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>left occipital<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-11">LP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>left parietal<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-12">LT<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>left temporal<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-13">MTC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>magnetization transfer contrast<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-14">MTS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>mesial temporal sclerosis<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-15">N<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>no<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-16">PET<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>positron-emission tomography<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-17">RF<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>right frontal<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-18">RO<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>right occipital<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-19">RP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>right parietal<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-20">RT<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>right temporal<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-21">SE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>spin-echo<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-22">SP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>simple partial<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-23">TS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>tuberous sclerosis<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-24">TSC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>tuberous sclerosis complex<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-25">Y<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>yes</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/31/6/1059.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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