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<meta name="DC.Language" content="en" />
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Commissural and Projection White Matter in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Correlation with Tuber Load" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A2033" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2010-08-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cortical and white matter changes have been identified outside the MR imaging–visible cortical/subcortical tubers in the tuberous sclerosis complex. The aim of this study was to evaluate DTI changes in the corpus callosum and internal capsules and to correlate the DTI changes with cortical/subcortical tuber load.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve TSC patients and 23 controls underwent MR imaging including DTI. FA, trace, D‖, and D⫠ of genu and splenium of corpus callosum and right and left internal capsules were assessed. The number and volume of cortical/subcortical tubers were correlated with DTI indices of corpus callosum and internal capsules.

RESULTS: In the genu and splenium, FA was lower and trace ( P &lt; .01) and D⫠ were higher ( P &lt; .01), and in the internal capsules, trace was higher ( P = .04) in TSC patients compared with controls. The total tuber volume correlated positively with trace of genu ( r = 0.77, P &lt; .01) and splenium ( r = 0.69, P = .01) and with D⫠ of splenium ( r = 0.68, P = .01), and negatively with FA of splenium ( r = −0.60, P = .04) of corpus callosum. The left and right hemispheric tuber volume correlated positively with trace of left ( r = 0.56, P = .05) and right ( r = 0.67, P = .02) internal capsules.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings of reduced FA, elevated trace, and elevated D⫠ in the corpus callosum and internal capsules may be related to abnormalities in myelin. The correlations between tuber volume and DTI indices in corpus callosum and internal capsules suggested that more extensive malformation as demonstrated by larger tuber load was more likely to be associated with more severe DTI changes in the commissural and projection white matter.

ADC
:   apparent diffusion coefficient
D‖
:   axial diffusivity
D⊥
:   radial diffusivity
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
DWI
:   diffusion-weighted imaging
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
NAWM
:   normal-appearing white matter
ROI
:   region of interest
TSC
:   tuberous sclerosis complex" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Simao" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Raybaud" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Chuang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Go" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="O.C. Snead" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Widjaja" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2010-08-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Pediatrics" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Commissural and Projection White Matter in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Correlation with Tuber Load" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cortical and white matter changes have been identified outside the MR imaging–visible cortical/subcortical tubers in the tuberous sclerosis complex. The aim of this study was to evaluate DTI changes in the corpus callosum and internal capsules and to correlate the DTI changes with cortical/subcortical tuber load.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Twelve TSC patients and 23 controls underwent MR imaging including DTI. FA, trace, D&lt;sub&gt;‖&lt;/sub&gt;, and D&lt;sub&gt;⫠&lt;/sub&gt; of genu and splenium of corpus callosum and right and left internal capsules were assessed. The number and volume of cortical/subcortical tubers were correlated with DTI indices of corpus callosum and internal capsules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the genu and splenium, FA was lower and trace (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01) and D&lt;sub&gt;⫠&lt;/sub&gt; were higher (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01), and in the internal capsules, trace was higher (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .04) in TSC patients compared with controls. The total tuber volume correlated positively with trace of genu (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.77, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01) and splenium (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.69, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .01) and with D&lt;sub&gt;⫠&lt;/sub&gt; of splenium (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.68, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .01), and negatively with FA of splenium (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = −0.60, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .04) of corpus callosum. The left and right hemispheric tuber volume correlated positively with trace of left (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.56, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .05) and right (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.67, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .02) internal capsules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our findings of reduced FA, elevated trace, and elevated D&lt;sub&gt;⫠&lt;/sub&gt; in the corpus callosum and internal capsules may be related to abnormalities in myelin. The correlations between tuber volume and DTI indices in corpus callosum and internal capsules suggested that more extensive malformation as demonstrated by larger tuber load was more likely to be associated with more severe DTI changes in the commissural and projection white matter.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Commissural and Projection White Matter in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Correlation with Tuber Load" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cortical and white matter changes have been identified outside the MR imaging–visible cortical/subcortical tubers in the tuberous sclerosis complex. The aim of this study was to evaluate DTI changes in the corpus callosum and internal capsules and to correlate the DTI changes with cortical/subcortical tuber load.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve TSC patients and 23 controls underwent MR imaging including DTI. FA, trace, D‖, and D⫠ of genu and splenium of corpus callosum and right and left internal capsules were assessed. The number and volume of cortical/subcortical tubers were correlated with DTI indices of corpus callosum and internal capsules.

RESULTS: In the genu and splenium, FA was lower and trace ( P &lt; .01) and D⫠ were higher ( P &lt; .01), and in the internal capsules, trace was higher ( P = .04) in TSC patients compared with controls. The total tuber volume correlated positively with trace of genu ( r = 0.77, P &lt; .01) and splenium ( r = 0.69, P = .01) and with D⫠ of splenium ( r = 0.68, P = .01), and negatively with FA of splenium ( r = −0.60, P = .04) of corpus callosum. The left and right hemispheric tuber volume correlated positively with trace of left ( r = 0.56, P = .05) and right ( r = 0.67, P = .02) internal capsules.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings of reduced FA, elevated trace, and elevated D⫠ in the corpus callosum and internal capsules may be related to abnormalities in myelin. The correlations between tuber volume and DTI indices in corpus callosum and internal capsules suggested that more extensive malformation as demonstrated by larger tuber load was more likely to be associated with more severe DTI changes in the commissural and projection white matter.

ADC
:   apparent diffusion coefficient
D‖
:   axial diffusivity
D⊥
:   radial diffusivity
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
DWI
:   diffusion-weighted imaging
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
NAWM
:   normal-appearing white matter
ROI
:   region of interest
TSC
:   tuberous sclerosis complex" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Commissural and Projection White Matter in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Correlation with Tuber Load" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/31/7/1273" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cortical and white matter changes have been identified outside the MR imaging–visible cortical/subcortical tubers in the tuberous sclerosis complex. The aim of this study was to evaluate DTI changes in the corpus callosum and internal capsules and to correlate the DTI changes with cortical/subcortical tuber load.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve TSC patients and 23 controls underwent MR imaging including DTI. FA, trace, D‖, and D⫠ of genu and splenium of corpus callosum and right and left internal capsules were assessed. The number and volume of cortical/subcortical tubers were correlated with DTI indices of corpus callosum and internal capsules.

RESULTS: In the genu and splenium, FA was lower and trace ( P &lt; .01) and D⫠ were higher ( P &lt; .01), and in the internal capsules, trace was higher ( P = .04) in TSC patients compared with controls. The total tuber volume correlated positively with trace of genu ( r = 0.77, P &lt; .01) and splenium ( r = 0.69, P = .01) and with D⫠ of splenium ( r = 0.68, P = .01), and negatively with FA of splenium ( r = −0.60, P = .04) of corpus callosum. The left and right hemispheric tuber volume correlated positively with trace of left ( r = 0.56, P = .05) and right ( r = 0.67, P = .02) internal capsules.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings of reduced FA, elevated trace, and elevated D⫠ in the corpus callosum and internal capsules may be related to abnormalities in myelin. The correlations between tuber volume and DTI indices in corpus callosum and internal capsules suggested that more extensive malformation as demonstrated by larger tuber load was more likely to be associated with more severe DTI changes in the commissural and projection white matter.

ADC
:   apparent diffusion coefficient
D‖
:   axial diffusivity
D⊥
:   radial diffusivity
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
DWI
:   diffusion-weighted imaging
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
NAWM
:   normal-appearing white matter
ROI
:   region of interest
TSC
:   tuberous sclerosis complex" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Commissural and Projection White Matter in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Correlation with Tuber Load</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">G. Simao</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">C. Raybaud</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">S. Chuang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">C. Go</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">O.C. Snead</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">E. Widjaja</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">August 2010,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">31 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1273-1277; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2033 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<p id="p-1"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Cortical and white matter changes have been identified outside the MR imaging–visible cortical/subcortical tubers in the tuberous sclerosis complex. The aim of this study was to evaluate DTI changes in the corpus callosum and internal capsules and to correlate the DTI changes with cortical/subcortical tuber load.</p>
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<p id="p-2"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Twelve TSC patients and 23 controls underwent MR imaging including DTI. FA, trace, D<sub>‖</sub>, and D<sub>⫠</sub> of genu and splenium of corpus callosum and right and left internal capsules were assessed. The number and volume of cortical/subcortical tubers were correlated with DTI indices of corpus callosum and internal capsules.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> In the genu and splenium, FA was lower and trace (<em>P</em> &lt; .01) and D<sub>⫠</sub> were higher (<em>P</em> &lt; .01), and in the internal capsules, trace was higher (<em>P</em> = .04) in TSC patients compared with controls. The total tuber volume correlated positively with trace of genu (<em>r</em> = 0.77, <em>P</em> &lt; .01) and splenium (<em>r</em> = 0.69, <em>P</em> = .01) and with D<sub>⫠</sub> of splenium (<em>r</em> = 0.68, <em>P</em> = .01), and negatively with FA of splenium (<em>r</em> = −0.60, <em>P</em> = .04) of corpus callosum. The left and right hemispheric tuber volume correlated positively with trace of left (<em>r</em> = 0.56, <em>P</em> = .05) and right (<em>r</em> = 0.67, <em>P</em> = .02) internal capsules.</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Our findings of reduced FA, elevated trace, and elevated D<sub>⫠</sub> in the corpus callosum and internal capsules may be related to abnormalities in myelin. The correlations between tuber volume and DTI indices in corpus callosum and internal capsules suggested that more extensive malformation as demonstrated by larger tuber load was more likely to be associated with more severe DTI changes in the commissural and projection white matter.</p>
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</div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2>Abbreviations</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">ADC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>apparent diffusion coefficient<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">D<sub>‖</sub><span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>axial diffusivity<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">D<sub>⊥</sub><span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>radial diffusivity<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">DTI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>diffusion tensor imaging<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">DWI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>diffusion-weighted imaging<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">FA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>fractional anisotropy<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">FLAIR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>fluid-attenuated inversion recovery<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">NAWM<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>normal-appearing white matter<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">ROI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>region of interest<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-10">TSC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>tuberous sclerosis complex</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/31/7/1273.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Commissural and Projection White Matter in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Correlation with Tuber Load</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Simao</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Raybaud</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chuang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Go</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">O.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Snead</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Widjaja</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Aug 2010, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">31 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1273-1277; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2033 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Commissural and Projection White Matter in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Correlation with Tuber Load</div>  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Aug 2010, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">31 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1273-1277; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2033 </span></div>
  
  
  
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