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<meta name="DC.Title" content="The Impact of Sex and Vascular Risk Factors on Brain Tissue Changes with Aging: Magnetization Transfer Imaging Results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A2042" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2010-08-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology. 
Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quantitative MR imaging techniques allow detection of subtle tissue changes that occur with brain aging beyond the accumulation of WMH and brain atrophy. To what extent sex and cerebrovascular risk factors impact these changes is largely unknown. We attempted to study these risk factors in the context of the community-based ASPS.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed MTI in 328 neurologically asymptomatic ASPS participants (age range, 52–87 years). FLAIR was used to delineate WMH and to define NABT. The MTR was measured globally in NABT by using a histogram analysis technique and focally in WMH. Associations of MTR metrics with sex and a large battery of different cerebrovascular risk factors (age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, body mass index, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, glycated hemoglobin, and the presence of cardiac disease) were assessed with univariate and multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS: Age was seen to affect all MTR histogram metrics of NABT, and a faster decrease of the MTR peak height occurred in men. Independent associations with MTR metrics were found for arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Besides lesion grade, arterial hypertension was also significantly associated with a lower MTR in WMH.

CONCLUSIONS: Microstructural tissue changes of NABT increase with aging and may be more extensive in men. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension appear to add to tissue destruction. The exact mechanisms involved await further clarification.

ASPS
:   Austrian Stroke Prevention Study
BMI
:   body mass index
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
FWHM
:   full width at half maximum
HbA1c
:   glycol hemoglobin
HDL
:   high-density lipoprotein
max
:   maximum
MT
:   magnetization transfer
MTI
:   MT imaging
MTR
:   MT ratio
NABT
:   normal-appearing brain tissue
WMH
:   white matter hyperintensity" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Ropele" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Enzinger" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Söllinger" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Langkammer" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Wallner-Blazek" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Schmidt" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Fazekas" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2010-08-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="The Impact of Sex and Vascular Risk Factors on Brain Tissue Changes with Aging: Magnetization Transfer Imaging Results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Quantitative MR imaging techniques allow detection of subtle tissue changes that occur with brain aging beyond the accumulation of WMH and brain atrophy. To what extent sex and cerebrovascular risk factors impact these changes is largely unknown. We attempted to study these risk factors in the context of the community-based ASPS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIAL AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We performed MTI in 328 neurologically asymptomatic ASPS participants (age range, 52–87 years). FLAIR was used to delineate WMH and to define NABT. The MTR was measured globally in NABT by using a histogram analysis technique and focally in WMH. Associations of MTR metrics with sex and a large battery of different cerebrovascular risk factors (age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, body mass index, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, glycated hemoglobin, and the presence of cardiac disease) were assessed with univariate and multiple regression analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Age was seen to affect all MTR histogram metrics of NABT, and a faster decrease of the MTR peak height occurred in men. Independent associations with MTR metrics were found for arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Besides lesion grade, arterial hypertension was also significantly associated with a lower MTR in WMH.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Microstructural tissue changes of NABT increase with aging and may be more extensive in men. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension appear to add to tissue destruction. The exact mechanisms involved await further clarification.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="The Impact of Sex and Vascular Risk Factors on Brain Tissue Changes with Aging: Magnetization Transfer Imaging Results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quantitative MR imaging techniques allow detection of subtle tissue changes that occur with brain aging beyond the accumulation of WMH and brain atrophy. To what extent sex and cerebrovascular risk factors impact these changes is largely unknown. We attempted to study these risk factors in the context of the community-based ASPS.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed MTI in 328 neurologically asymptomatic ASPS participants (age range, 52–87 years). FLAIR was used to delineate WMH and to define NABT. The MTR was measured globally in NABT by using a histogram analysis technique and focally in WMH. Associations of MTR metrics with sex and a large battery of different cerebrovascular risk factors (age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, body mass index, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, glycated hemoglobin, and the presence of cardiac disease) were assessed with univariate and multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS: Age was seen to affect all MTR histogram metrics of NABT, and a faster decrease of the MTR peak height occurred in men. Independent associations with MTR metrics were found for arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Besides lesion grade, arterial hypertension was also significantly associated with a lower MTR in WMH.

CONCLUSIONS: Microstructural tissue changes of NABT increase with aging and may be more extensive in men. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension appear to add to tissue destruction. The exact mechanisms involved await further clarification.

ASPS
:   Austrian Stroke Prevention Study
BMI
:   body mass index
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
FWHM
:   full width at half maximum
HbA1c
:   glycol hemoglobin
HDL
:   high-density lipoprotein
max
:   maximum
MT
:   magnetization transfer
MTI
:   MT imaging
MTR
:   MT ratio
NABT
:   normal-appearing brain tissue
WMH
:   white matter hyperintensity" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="The Impact of Sex and Vascular Risk Factors on Brain Tissue Changes with Aging: Magnetization Transfer Imaging Results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/31/7/1297" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quantitative MR imaging techniques allow detection of subtle tissue changes that occur with brain aging beyond the accumulation of WMH and brain atrophy. To what extent sex and cerebrovascular risk factors impact these changes is largely unknown. We attempted to study these risk factors in the context of the community-based ASPS.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed MTI in 328 neurologically asymptomatic ASPS participants (age range, 52–87 years). FLAIR was used to delineate WMH and to define NABT. The MTR was measured globally in NABT by using a histogram analysis technique and focally in WMH. Associations of MTR metrics with sex and a large battery of different cerebrovascular risk factors (age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, body mass index, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, glycated hemoglobin, and the presence of cardiac disease) were assessed with univariate and multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS: Age was seen to affect all MTR histogram metrics of NABT, and a faster decrease of the MTR peak height occurred in men. Independent associations with MTR metrics were found for arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Besides lesion grade, arterial hypertension was also significantly associated with a lower MTR in WMH.

CONCLUSIONS: Microstructural tissue changes of NABT increase with aging and may be more extensive in men. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension appear to add to tissue destruction. The exact mechanisms involved await further clarification.

ASPS
:   Austrian Stroke Prevention Study
BMI
:   body mass index
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
FWHM
:   full width at half maximum
HbA1c
:   glycol hemoglobin
HDL
:   high-density lipoprotein
max
:   maximum
MT
:   magnetization transfer
MTI
:   MT imaging
MTR
:   MT ratio
NABT
:   normal-appearing brain tissue
WMH
:   white matter hyperintensity" />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Brain</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">The Impact of Sex and Vascular Risk Factors on Brain Tissue Changes with Aging: Magnetization Transfer Imaging Results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">S. Ropele</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">C. Enzinger</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">M. Söllinger</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">C. Langkammer</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">M. Wallner-Blazek</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">R. Schmidt</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">F. Fazekas</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">August 2010,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">31 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1297-1301; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2042 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-9771--61501867587" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Ropele </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BRopele%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ropele%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BRopele%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. 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<p id="p-2"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Quantitative MR imaging techniques allow detection of subtle tissue changes that occur with brain aging beyond the accumulation of WMH and brain atrophy. To what extent sex and cerebrovascular risk factors impact these changes is largely unknown. We attempted to study these risk factors in the context of the community-based ASPS.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>MATERIAL AND METHODS:</strong> We performed MTI in 328 neurologically asymptomatic ASPS participants (age range, 52–87 years). FLAIR was used to delineate WMH and to define NABT. The MTR was measured globally in NABT by using a histogram analysis technique and focally in WMH. Associations of MTR metrics with sex and a large battery of different cerebrovascular risk factors (age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, body mass index, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, glycated hemoglobin, and the presence of cardiac disease) were assessed with univariate and multiple regression analysis.</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Age was seen to affect all MTR histogram metrics of NABT, and a faster decrease of the MTR peak height occurred in men. Independent associations with MTR metrics were found for arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Besides lesion grade, arterial hypertension was also significantly associated with a lower MTR in WMH.</p>
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<p id="p-5"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Microstructural tissue changes of NABT increase with aging and may be more extensive in men. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension appear to add to tissue destruction. The exact mechanisms involved await further clarification.</p>
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</div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2>Abbreviations</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">ASPS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Austrian Stroke Prevention Study<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">BMI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>body mass index<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">DTI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>diffusion tensor imaging<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">FLAIR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>fluid-attenuated inversion recovery<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">FWHM<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>full width at half maximum<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">Hb<sup>A</sup><sub>1c</sub><span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>glycol hemoglobin<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">HDL<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>high-density lipoprotein<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">max<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>maximum<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">MT<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>magnetization transfer<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-10">MTI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>MT imaging<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-11">MTR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>MT ratio<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-12">NABT<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>normal-appearing brain tissue<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-13">WMH<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>white matter hyperintensity</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/31/7/1297.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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