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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Syndromes of the First and Second Branchial Arches, Part 1: Embryology and Characteristic Defects" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="SUMMARY: A variety of congenital syndromes affecting the face occur due to defects involving the first and second BAs. Radiographic evaluation of craniofacial deformities is necessary to define aberrant anatomy, plan surgical procedures, and evaluate the effects of craniofacial growth and surgical reconstructions. High-resolution CT has proved vital in determining the nature and extent of these syndromes. The radiologic evaluation of syndromes of the first and second BAs should begin first by studying a series of isolated defects: CL with or without CP, micrognathia, and EAC atresia, which compose the major features of these syndromes and allow more specific diagnosis. After discussion of these defects and the associated embryology, we proceed to discuss the VCFS, PRS, ACS, TCS, Stickler syndrome, and HFM.

ACS
:   auriculocondylar syndrome
BA
:   branchial arch
CL
:   cleft lip
CL/P
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CP
:   cleft palate
EAC
:   external auditory canal
HFM
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MDCT
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PRS
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TCS
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VCFS
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&lt;p&gt;A variety of congenital syndromes affecting the face occur due to defects involving the first and second BAs. Radiographic evaluation of craniofacial deformities is necessary to define aberrant anatomy, plan surgical procedures, and evaluate the effects of craniofacial growth and surgical reconstructions. High-resolution CT has proved vital in determining the nature and extent of these syndromes. The radiologic evaluation of syndromes of the first and second BAs should begin first by studying a series of isolated defects: CL with or without CP, micrognathia, and EAC atresia, which compose the major features of these syndromes and allow more specific diagnosis. After discussion of these defects and the associated embryology, we proceed to discuss the VCFS, PRS, ACS, TCS, Stickler syndrome, and HFM.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Syndromes of the First and Second Branchial Arches, Part 1: Embryology and Characteristic Defects" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="SUMMARY: A variety of congenital syndromes affecting the face occur due to defects involving the first and second BAs. Radiographic evaluation of craniofacial deformities is necessary to define aberrant anatomy, plan surgical procedures, and evaluate the effects of craniofacial growth and surgical reconstructions. High-resolution CT has proved vital in determining the nature and extent of these syndromes. The radiologic evaluation of syndromes of the first and second BAs should begin first by studying a series of isolated defects: CL with or without CP, micrognathia, and EAC atresia, which compose the major features of these syndromes and allow more specific diagnosis. After discussion of these defects and the associated embryology, we proceed to discuss the VCFS, PRS, ACS, TCS, Stickler syndrome, and HFM.

ACS
:   auriculocondylar syndrome
BA
:   branchial arch
CL
:   cleft lip
CL/P
:   cleft lip/palate
CP
:   cleft palate
EAC
:   external auditory canal
HFM
:   hemifacial microsomia
MDCT
:   multidetector CT
PRS
:   Pierre Robin sequence
TCS
:   Treacher Collins syndrome
VCFS
:   velocardiofacial syndrome" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Syndromes of the First and Second Branchial Arches, Part 1: Embryology and Characteristic Defects" />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="SUMMARY: A variety of congenital syndromes affecting the face occur due to defects involving the first and second BAs. Radiographic evaluation of craniofacial deformities is necessary to define aberrant anatomy, plan surgical procedures, and evaluate the effects of craniofacial growth and surgical reconstructions. High-resolution CT has proved vital in determining the nature and extent of these syndromes. The radiologic evaluation of syndromes of the first and second BAs should begin first by studying a series of isolated defects: CL with or without CP, micrognathia, and EAC atresia, which compose the major features of these syndromes and allow more specific diagnosis. After discussion of these defects and the associated embryology, we proceed to discuss the VCFS, PRS, ACS, TCS, Stickler syndrome, and HFM.

ACS
:   auriculocondylar syndrome
BA
:   branchial arch
CL
:   cleft lip
CL/P
:   cleft lip/palate
CP
:   cleft palate
EAC
:   external auditory canal
HFM
:   hemifacial microsomia
MDCT
:   multidetector CT
PRS
:   Pierre Robin sequence
TCS
:   Treacher Collins syndrome
VCFS
:   velocardiofacial syndrome" />
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2011,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">32 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">14-19; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2072 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<p id="p-2"><strong>SUMMARY:</strong> A variety of congenital syndromes affecting the face occur due to defects involving the first and second BAs. Radiographic evaluation of craniofacial deformities is necessary to define aberrant anatomy, plan surgical procedures, and evaluate the effects of craniofacial growth and surgical reconstructions. High-resolution CT has proved vital in determining the nature and extent of these syndromes. The radiologic evaluation of syndromes of the first and second BAs should begin first by studying a series of isolated defects: CL with or without CP, micrognathia, and EAC atresia, which compose the major features of these syndromes and allow more specific diagnosis. After discussion of these defects and the associated embryology, we proceed to discuss the VCFS, PRS, ACS, TCS, Stickler syndrome, and HFM.</p>
</div></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2>Abbreviations</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">ACS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>auriculocondylar syndrome<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">BA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>branchial arch<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">CL<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>cleft lip<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">CL/P<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>cleft lip/palate<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">CP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>cleft palate<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">EAC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>external auditory canal<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">HFM<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>hemifacial microsomia<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">MDCT<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>multidetector CT<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">PRS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Pierre Robin sequence<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-10">TCS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Treacher Collins syndrome<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-11">VCFS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>velocardiofacial syndrome</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/32/1/14.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 32</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 1 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jan 2011 </div></div>
      
      
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