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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Quantitative Characterization of the Hemodynamic Environment in Ruptured and Unruptured Brain Aneurysms" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A2419" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2011-01-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hemodynamics are thought to play an important role in the mechanisms of aneurysm pathogenesis, progression, and rupture. The purpose of this study was to define quantitative measures related to qualitative flow characteristics previously analyzed and to investigate their relationship to aneurysm rupture.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hemodynamic environments in 210 cerebral aneurysms were analyzed by using image-based CFD under different flow conditions. Quantitative hemodynamic variables were defined and extracted from the simulation results. A statistical analysis of the relationship to the previous history of aneurysm rupture was performed, and the variability with flow conditions was assessed.

RESULTS: Ruptured aneurysms were more likely to have larger inflow concentrations, larger MWSS, larger shear concentrations, and lower viscous dissipation ratios than unruptured aneurysms. Areas under low WSS and measures of abnormally low shear force distributions of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms were not statistically different. Although the values of hemodynamic quantities changed with different flow conditions, the statistical differences or ratios between their mean values over the ruptured and unruptured groups were maintained, for both pulsatile and steady flows.

CONCLUSIONS: Concentrated inflow streams and WSS distributions with elevated levels of MWSS and low aneurysmal viscous dissipation are statistically associated with a clinical history of prior aneurysm rupture. In contrast, the area and total viscous shear force applied in the aneurysm region subjected to abnormally low WSS levels are not. This study highlights the potential for image-based CFD for investigating aneurysm-evolution mechanisms and for clinical assessment of aneurysm risks.

bpm
:   beats per minute
CFD
:   computational fluid dynamics
3DRA
:   3D rotational angiography
HR
:   heart rate
ICI
:   inflow concentration index
KER
:   kinetic energy ratio
LSA
:   low shear area
LSI
:   low shear index
MWSS
:   maximum WSS
SCI
:   shear concentration index
VDR
:   viscous dissipation ratio
WSS
:   wall shear stress" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.R. Cebral" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Mut" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Weir" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Putman" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2011-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Interventional" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Quantitative Characterization of the Hemodynamic Environment in Ruptured and Unruptured Brain Aneurysms" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hemodynamics are thought to play an important role in the mechanisms of aneurysm pathogenesis, progression, and rupture. The purpose of this study was to define quantitative measures related to qualitative flow characteristics previously analyzed and to investigate their relationship to aneurysm rupture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The hemodynamic environments in 210 cerebral aneurysms were analyzed by using image-based CFD under different flow conditions. Quantitative hemodynamic variables were defined and extracted from the simulation results. A statistical analysis of the relationship to the previous history of aneurysm rupture was performed, and the variability with flow conditions was assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ruptured aneurysms were more likely to have larger inflow concentrations, larger MWSS, larger shear concentrations, and lower viscous dissipation ratios than unruptured aneurysms. Areas under low WSS and measures of abnormally low shear force distributions of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms were not statistically different. Although the values of hemodynamic quantities changed with different flow conditions, the statistical differences or ratios between their mean values over the ruptured and unruptured groups were maintained, for both pulsatile and steady flows.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Concentrated inflow streams and WSS distributions with elevated levels of MWSS and low aneurysmal viscous dissipation are statistically associated with a clinical history of prior aneurysm rupture. In contrast, the area and total viscous shear force applied in the aneurysm region subjected to abnormally low WSS levels are not. This study highlights the potential for image-based CFD for investigating aneurysm-evolution mechanisms and for clinical assessment of aneurysm risks.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Quantitative Characterization of the Hemodynamic Environment in Ruptured and Unruptured Brain Aneurysms" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hemodynamics are thought to play an important role in the mechanisms of aneurysm pathogenesis, progression, and rupture. The purpose of this study was to define quantitative measures related to qualitative flow characteristics previously analyzed and to investigate their relationship to aneurysm rupture.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hemodynamic environments in 210 cerebral aneurysms were analyzed by using image-based CFD under different flow conditions. Quantitative hemodynamic variables were defined and extracted from the simulation results. A statistical analysis of the relationship to the previous history of aneurysm rupture was performed, and the variability with flow conditions was assessed.

RESULTS: Ruptured aneurysms were more likely to have larger inflow concentrations, larger MWSS, larger shear concentrations, and lower viscous dissipation ratios than unruptured aneurysms. Areas under low WSS and measures of abnormally low shear force distributions of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms were not statistically different. Although the values of hemodynamic quantities changed with different flow conditions, the statistical differences or ratios between their mean values over the ruptured and unruptured groups were maintained, for both pulsatile and steady flows.

CONCLUSIONS: Concentrated inflow streams and WSS distributions with elevated levels of MWSS and low aneurysmal viscous dissipation are statistically associated with a clinical history of prior aneurysm rupture. In contrast, the area and total viscous shear force applied in the aneurysm region subjected to abnormally low WSS levels are not. This study highlights the potential for image-based CFD for investigating aneurysm-evolution mechanisms and for clinical assessment of aneurysm risks.

bpm
:   beats per minute
CFD
:   computational fluid dynamics
3DRA
:   3D rotational angiography
HR
:   heart rate
ICI
:   inflow concentration index
KER
:   kinetic energy ratio
LSA
:   low shear area
LSI
:   low shear index
MWSS
:   maximum WSS
SCI
:   shear concentration index
VDR
:   viscous dissipation ratio
WSS
:   wall shear stress" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Quantitative Characterization of the Hemodynamic Environment in Ruptured and Unruptured Brain Aneurysms" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/32/1/145" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hemodynamics are thought to play an important role in the mechanisms of aneurysm pathogenesis, progression, and rupture. The purpose of this study was to define quantitative measures related to qualitative flow characteristics previously analyzed and to investigate their relationship to aneurysm rupture.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hemodynamic environments in 210 cerebral aneurysms were analyzed by using image-based CFD under different flow conditions. Quantitative hemodynamic variables were defined and extracted from the simulation results. A statistical analysis of the relationship to the previous history of aneurysm rupture was performed, and the variability with flow conditions was assessed.

RESULTS: Ruptured aneurysms were more likely to have larger inflow concentrations, larger MWSS, larger shear concentrations, and lower viscous dissipation ratios than unruptured aneurysms. Areas under low WSS and measures of abnormally low shear force distributions of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms were not statistically different. Although the values of hemodynamic quantities changed with different flow conditions, the statistical differences or ratios between their mean values over the ruptured and unruptured groups were maintained, for both pulsatile and steady flows.

CONCLUSIONS: Concentrated inflow streams and WSS distributions with elevated levels of MWSS and low aneurysmal viscous dissipation are statistically associated with a clinical history of prior aneurysm rupture. In contrast, the area and total viscous shear force applied in the aneurysm region subjected to abnormally low WSS levels are not. This study highlights the potential for image-based CFD for investigating aneurysm-evolution mechanisms and for clinical assessment of aneurysm risks.

bpm
:   beats per minute
CFD
:   computational fluid dynamics
3DRA
:   3D rotational angiography
HR
:   heart rate
ICI
:   inflow concentration index
KER
:   kinetic energy ratio
LSA
:   low shear area
LSI
:   low shear index
MWSS
:   maximum WSS
SCI
:   shear concentration index
VDR
:   viscous dissipation ratio
WSS
:   wall shear stress" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Quantitative Characterization of the Hemodynamic Environment in Ruptured and Unruptured Brain Aneurysms</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">J.R. Cebral</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">F. Mut</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">J. Weir</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">C. Putman</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2011,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">32 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">145-151; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2419 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-9208--61959430666" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.R. Cebral </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.R.%2BCebral%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cebral%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.R.%2BCebral%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Mut </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BMut%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mut%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BMut%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Weir </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BWeir%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Weir%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BWeir%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Putman </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BPutman%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Putman%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BPutman%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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<p id="p-2"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Hemodynamics are thought to play an important role in the mechanisms of aneurysm pathogenesis, progression, and rupture. The purpose of this study was to define quantitative measures related to qualitative flow characteristics previously analyzed and to investigate their relationship to aneurysm rupture.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> The hemodynamic environments in 210 cerebral aneurysms were analyzed by using image-based CFD under different flow conditions. Quantitative hemodynamic variables were defined and extracted from the simulation results. A statistical analysis of the relationship to the previous history of aneurysm rupture was performed, and the variability with flow conditions was assessed.</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Ruptured aneurysms were more likely to have larger inflow concentrations, larger MWSS, larger shear concentrations, and lower viscous dissipation ratios than unruptured aneurysms. Areas under low WSS and measures of abnormally low shear force distributions of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms were not statistically different. Although the values of hemodynamic quantities changed with different flow conditions, the statistical differences or ratios between their mean values over the ruptured and unruptured groups were maintained, for both pulsatile and steady flows.</p>
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<p id="p-5"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Concentrated inflow streams and WSS distributions with elevated levels of MWSS and low aneurysmal viscous dissipation are statistically associated with a clinical history of prior aneurysm rupture. In contrast, the area and total viscous shear force applied in the aneurysm region subjected to abnormally low WSS levels are not. This study highlights the potential for image-based CFD for investigating aneurysm-evolution mechanisms and for clinical assessment of aneurysm risks.</p>
</div></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2>Abbreviations</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">bpm<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>beats per minute<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">CFD<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>computational fluid dynamics<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">3DRA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>3D rotational angiography<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">HR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>heart rate<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">ICI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>inflow concentration index<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">KER<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>kinetic energy ratio<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">LSA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>low shear area<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">LSI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>low shear index<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">MWSS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>maximum WSS<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-10">SCI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>shear concentration index<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-11">VDR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>viscous dissipation ratio<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-12">WSS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>wall shear stress</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/32/1/145.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Quantitative Characterization of the Hemodynamic Environment in Ruptured and Unruptured Brain Aneurysms</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cebral</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mut</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Weir</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Putman</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2011, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">32 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">145-151; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2419 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Quantitative Characterization of the Hemodynamic Environment in Ruptured and Unruptured Brain Aneurysms</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cebral</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mut</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Weir</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Putman</span></span></span></div>
  
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