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<meta name="HW.identifier" content="/ajnr/32/10/1795.atom" />
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<meta name="DC.Language" content="en" />
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Fractionated Radiation-Induced Acute Encephalopathy in a Young Rat Model: Cognitive Dysfunction and Histologic Findings" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A2643" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2011-11-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2011 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. 
Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is a common and serious complication after radiation therapy of brain tumor, yet knowledge of its mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to establish a young rat model for acute radiation encephalopathy, at both cognitive and pathologic levels, induced by fractionated irradiation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four-week-old male rats were randomized into sham (0 Gy) and 2 experimental groups receiving fractionated irradiation of 5 Gy/day, 5 days/week, with total doses of 20 and 40 Gy, respectively. Cognition, BBB integrity, and potential astrogliosis were evaluated at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks' postirradiation.

RESULTS: Twenty-Gy irradiation led to transient cognitive impairment only at 4 weeks' postirradiation. Forty-Gy irradiation induced cognitive impairment at both 4 and 8 weeks' postirradiation, which was more severe than that induced by 20 Gy. Cognitive impairment was accompanied by a transient increase in BWC only at 4 weeks for the 40-Gy group. Disrupted BBB permeability was detected at 4 and 8 weeks' postirradiation for the 20-Gy group, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks' postirradiation for 40-Gy group, respectively. Increased astrogliosis in the hippocampus could be detected at 4 weeks' postirradiation for 40-Gy group.

CONCLUSIONS: Fractionated irradiation in this experiment could induce acute brain injury, leading to cognitive impairment in young rats. BBB disruption might be a sensitive index for acute radiation encephalopathy. In addition, reactive astrogliosis might play an important role in this process. The present model, especially the 40-Gy irradiation group, is useful for basic and therapeutic studies of acute radiation encephalopathy.

BBB
:   blood-brain barrier
BWC
:   brain-water content
EB
:   Evans blue
GFAP
:   glial fibrillary acidic protein
IF
:   immunofluorescent
NPC
:   nasopharyngeal carcinoma
RE
:   radiation encephalopathy" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Zhou" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z. Liu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Liu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Wang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Zhou" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z. Zhao" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Xiao" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Tao" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W.Z. Suo" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2011-11-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Pediatrics" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Fractionated Radiation-Induced Acute Encephalopathy in a Young Rat Model: Cognitive Dysfunction and Histologic Findings" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is a common and serious complication after radiation therapy of brain tumor, yet knowledge of its mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to establish a young rat model for acute radiation encephalopathy, at both cognitive and pathologic levels, induced by fractionated irradiation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Four-week-old male rats were randomized into sham (0 Gy) and 2 experimental groups receiving fractionated irradiation of 5 Gy/day, 5 days/week, with total doses of 20 and 40 Gy, respectively. Cognition, BBB integrity, and potential astrogliosis were evaluated at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks9 postirradiation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Twenty-Gy irradiation led to transient cognitive impairment only at 4 weeks9 postirradiation. Forty-Gy irradiation induced cognitive impairment at both 4 and 8 weeks9 postirradiation, which was more severe than that induced by 20 Gy. Cognitive impairment was accompanied by a transient increase in BWC only at 4 weeks for the 40-Gy group. Disrupted BBB permeability was detected at 4 and 8 weeks9 postirradiation for the 20-Gy group, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks9 postirradiation for 40-Gy group, respectively. Increased astrogliosis in the hippocampus could be detected at 4 weeks9 postirradiation for 40-Gy group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fractionated irradiation in this experiment could induce acute brain injury, leading to cognitive impairment in young rats. BBB disruption might be a sensitive index for acute radiation encephalopathy. In addition, reactive astrogliosis might play an important role in this process. The present model, especially the 40-Gy irradiation group, is useful for basic and therapeutic studies of acute radiation encephalopathy.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Fractionated Radiation-Induced Acute Encephalopathy in a Young Rat Model: Cognitive Dysfunction and Histologic Findings" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is a common and serious complication after radiation therapy of brain tumor, yet knowledge of its mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to establish a young rat model for acute radiation encephalopathy, at both cognitive and pathologic levels, induced by fractionated irradiation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four-week-old male rats were randomized into sham (0 Gy) and 2 experimental groups receiving fractionated irradiation of 5 Gy/day, 5 days/week, with total doses of 20 and 40 Gy, respectively. Cognition, BBB integrity, and potential astrogliosis were evaluated at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks' postirradiation.

RESULTS: Twenty-Gy irradiation led to transient cognitive impairment only at 4 weeks' postirradiation. Forty-Gy irradiation induced cognitive impairment at both 4 and 8 weeks' postirradiation, which was more severe than that induced by 20 Gy. Cognitive impairment was accompanied by a transient increase in BWC only at 4 weeks for the 40-Gy group. Disrupted BBB permeability was detected at 4 and 8 weeks' postirradiation for the 20-Gy group, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks' postirradiation for 40-Gy group, respectively. Increased astrogliosis in the hippocampus could be detected at 4 weeks' postirradiation for 40-Gy group.

CONCLUSIONS: Fractionated irradiation in this experiment could induce acute brain injury, leading to cognitive impairment in young rats. BBB disruption might be a sensitive index for acute radiation encephalopathy. In addition, reactive astrogliosis might play an important role in this process. The present model, especially the 40-Gy irradiation group, is useful for basic and therapeutic studies of acute radiation encephalopathy.

BBB
:   blood-brain barrier
BWC
:   brain-water content
EB
:   Evans blue
GFAP
:   glial fibrillary acidic protein
IF
:   immunofluorescent
NPC
:   nasopharyngeal carcinoma
RE
:   radiation encephalopathy" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Fractionated Radiation-Induced Acute Encephalopathy in a Young Rat Model: Cognitive Dysfunction and Histologic Findings" />
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<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is a common and serious complication after radiation therapy of brain tumor, yet knowledge of its mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to establish a young rat model for acute radiation encephalopathy, at both cognitive and pathologic levels, induced by fractionated irradiation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four-week-old male rats were randomized into sham (0 Gy) and 2 experimental groups receiving fractionated irradiation of 5 Gy/day, 5 days/week, with total doses of 20 and 40 Gy, respectively. Cognition, BBB integrity, and potential astrogliosis were evaluated at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks' postirradiation.

RESULTS: Twenty-Gy irradiation led to transient cognitive impairment only at 4 weeks' postirradiation. Forty-Gy irradiation induced cognitive impairment at both 4 and 8 weeks' postirradiation, which was more severe than that induced by 20 Gy. Cognitive impairment was accompanied by a transient increase in BWC only at 4 weeks for the 40-Gy group. Disrupted BBB permeability was detected at 4 and 8 weeks' postirradiation for the 20-Gy group, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks' postirradiation for 40-Gy group, respectively. Increased astrogliosis in the hippocampus could be detected at 4 weeks' postirradiation for 40-Gy group.

CONCLUSIONS: Fractionated irradiation in this experiment could induce acute brain injury, leading to cognitive impairment in young rats. BBB disruption might be a sensitive index for acute radiation encephalopathy. In addition, reactive astrogliosis might play an important role in this process. The present model, especially the 40-Gy irradiation group, is useful for basic and therapeutic studies of acute radiation encephalopathy.

BBB
:   blood-brain barrier
BWC
:   brain-water content
EB
:   Evans blue
GFAP
:   glial fibrillary acidic protein
IF
:   immunofluorescent
NPC
:   nasopharyngeal carcinoma
RE
:   radiation encephalopathy" />
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">H. Zhou</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Z. Liu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">J. Liu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">J. Wang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">D. Zhou</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Z. Zhao</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">S. Xiao</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">E. Tao</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">W.Z. Suo</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">November 2011,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">32 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1795-1800; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2643 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-12241--6379299192" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H. Zhou </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.%2BZhou%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zhou%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.%2BZhou%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Z. Liu </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Z.%2BLiu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Liu%20Z&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AZ.%2BLiu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. 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Wang </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BWang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wang%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BWang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. 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Zhao </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Z.%2BZhao%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zhao%20Z&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AZ.%2BZhao%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. 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<p id="p-3"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is a common and serious complication after radiation therapy of brain tumor, yet knowledge of its mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to establish a young rat model for acute radiation encephalopathy, at both cognitive and pathologic levels, induced by fractionated irradiation.</p></div>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Four-week-old male rats were randomized into sham (0 Gy) and 2 experimental groups receiving fractionated irradiation of 5 Gy/day, 5 days/week, with total doses of 20 and 40 Gy, respectively. Cognition, BBB integrity, and potential astrogliosis were evaluated at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks' postirradiation.</p></div>
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<p id="p-5"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Twenty-Gy irradiation led to transient cognitive impairment only at 4 weeks' postirradiation. Forty-Gy irradiation induced cognitive impairment at both 4 and 8 weeks' postirradiation, which was more severe than that induced by 20 Gy. Cognitive impairment was accompanied by a transient increase in BWC only at 4 weeks for the 40-Gy group. Disrupted BBB permeability was detected at 4 and 8 weeks' postirradiation for the 20-Gy group, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks' postirradiation for 40-Gy group, respectively. Increased astrogliosis in the hippocampus could be detected at 4 weeks' postirradiation for 40-Gy group.</p></div>
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<p id="p-6"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Fractionated irradiation in this experiment could induce acute brain injury, leading to cognitive impairment in young rats. BBB disruption might be a sensitive index for acute radiation encephalopathy. In addition, reactive astrogliosis might play an important role in this process. The present model, especially the 40-Gy irradiation group, is useful for basic and therapeutic studies of acute radiation encephalopathy.</p></div>
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<h2>Abbreviations</h2>
<dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">BBB<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>blood-brain barrier<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">BWC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>brain-water content<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">EB<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Evans blue<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">GFAP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>glial fibrillary acidic protein<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">IF<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>immunofluorescent<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">NPC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>nasopharyngeal carcinoma<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">RE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>radiation encephalopathy</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2011 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-2">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/32/10/1795.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Fractionated Radiation-Induced Acute Encephalopathy in a Young Rat Model: Cognitive Dysfunction and Histologic Findings</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhao</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Xiao</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tao</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Suo</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 2011, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">32 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1795-1800; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2643 </span></div>
  
  
  
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