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<meta name="DC.Title" content="3D Turbo Spin-Echo Sequence with Motion-Sensitized Driven-Equilibrium Preparation for Detection of Brain Metastases on 3T MR Imaging" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A2343" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2011-04-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MSDE preparation is a technique for black-blood imaging. Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of a 3D TSE sequence with MSDE preparation in detecting brain metastases by comparing it with conventional sequences.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postcontrast images of 227 patients who were suspected of having brain metastasis were prospectively obtained by using 3 T1-weighted 3D sequences: a gradient-echo sequence (MPRAGE), TSE-noMSDE, and TSE-MSDE. The number of visualized blood vessels and the lesion-to-normal CNR were compared among the 3 sequences. An observer test involving 9 radiologists was performed, and their diagnostic performance by using TSE-MSDE, MPRAGE, and combined TSE-MSDE and MPRAGE was compared by means of an FOM as an index of diagnostic performance derived by the JAFROC analysis, sensitivity, FP/case, and reading time.

RESULTS: TSE-MSDE resulted in significantly better vessel suppression than the other 2 methods. TSE with and without MSDE resulted in significantly higher CNRs than MPRAGE. In the observer test, significantly higher sensitivity and FOM as well as significantly shorter reading time were achieved by TSE-MSDE compared with MPRAGE, but FP/case was significantly higher with TSE-MSDE. Combined TSE-MSDE/MPRAGE resulted in significantly higher sensitivity and FOM and similar FP/case and reading time compared with MPRAGE alone.

CONCLUSIONS: With blood vessel suppression and increased CNR, TSE-MSDE improves radiologists' performances in detecting brain metastases compared with MPRAGE, but it may increase FP results. Combined with MPRAGE, TSE-MSDE achieves high diagnostic performance while maintaining a low FP rate.

ANOVA
:   analysis of variance
CNR
:   contrast-to-noise ratio
FA
:   flip angle
FOM
:   figure of merit
FP
:   false-positive
FP/case
:   false-positive results per case
G
:   gradient
GRE
:   gradient-recalled echo
JAFROC
:   Jackknife Free-Response Receiver Operating Characteristic
LCD
:   liquid crystal display
LSMeans
:   least square means
MPRAGE
:   magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo
MSDE
:   motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium
NS
:   not significant
RF
:   radio-frequency
TSE
:   turbo spin-echo
TSE-MSDE
:   TSE with MSDE preparation
TSE-noMSDE
:   TSE without MSDE preparation
VENC
:   velocity-encoding" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Nagao" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T. Yoshiura" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Hiwatashi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Obara" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Yamashita" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Kamano" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Takayama" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Kobayashi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Honda" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2011-04-01" />
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<meta name="citation_title" content="3D Turbo Spin-Echo Sequence with Motion-Sensitized Driven-Equilibrium Preparation for Detection of Brain Metastases on 3T MR Imaging" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MSDE preparation is a technique for black-blood imaging. Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of a 3D TSE sequence with MSDE preparation in detecting brain metastases by comparing it with conventional sequences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Postcontrast images of 227 patients who were suspected of having brain metastasis were prospectively obtained by using 3 T1-weighted 3D sequences: a gradient-echo sequence (MPRAGE), TSE-noMSDE, and TSE-MSDE. The number of visualized blood vessels and the lesion-to-normal CNR were compared among the 3 sequences. An observer test involving 9 radiologists was performed, and their diagnostic performance by using TSE-MSDE, MPRAGE, and combined TSE-MSDE and MPRAGE was compared by means of an FOM as an index of diagnostic performance derived by the JAFROC analysis, sensitivity, FP/case, and reading time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;TSE-MSDE resulted in significantly better vessel suppression than the other 2 methods. TSE with and without MSDE resulted in significantly higher CNRs than MPRAGE. In the observer test, significantly higher sensitivity and FOM as well as significantly shorter reading time were achieved by TSE-MSDE compared with MPRAGE, but FP/case was significantly higher with TSE-MSDE. Combined TSE-MSDE/MPRAGE resulted in significantly higher sensitivity and FOM and similar FP/case and reading time compared with MPRAGE alone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With blood vessel suppression and increased CNR, TSE-MSDE improves radiologists9 performances in detecting brain metastases compared with MPRAGE, but it may increase FP results. Combined with MPRAGE, TSE-MSDE achieves high diagnostic performance while maintaining a low FP rate.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="3D Turbo Spin-Echo Sequence with Motion-Sensitized Driven-Equilibrium Preparation for Detection of Brain Metastases on 3T MR Imaging" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MSDE preparation is a technique for black-blood imaging. Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of a 3D TSE sequence with MSDE preparation in detecting brain metastases by comparing it with conventional sequences.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postcontrast images of 227 patients who were suspected of having brain metastasis were prospectively obtained by using 3 T1-weighted 3D sequences: a gradient-echo sequence (MPRAGE), TSE-noMSDE, and TSE-MSDE. The number of visualized blood vessels and the lesion-to-normal CNR were compared among the 3 sequences. An observer test involving 9 radiologists was performed, and their diagnostic performance by using TSE-MSDE, MPRAGE, and combined TSE-MSDE and MPRAGE was compared by means of an FOM as an index of diagnostic performance derived by the JAFROC analysis, sensitivity, FP/case, and reading time.

RESULTS: TSE-MSDE resulted in significantly better vessel suppression than the other 2 methods. TSE with and without MSDE resulted in significantly higher CNRs than MPRAGE. In the observer test, significantly higher sensitivity and FOM as well as significantly shorter reading time were achieved by TSE-MSDE compared with MPRAGE, but FP/case was significantly higher with TSE-MSDE. Combined TSE-MSDE/MPRAGE resulted in significantly higher sensitivity and FOM and similar FP/case and reading time compared with MPRAGE alone.

CONCLUSIONS: With blood vessel suppression and increased CNR, TSE-MSDE improves radiologists' performances in detecting brain metastases compared with MPRAGE, but it may increase FP results. Combined with MPRAGE, TSE-MSDE achieves high diagnostic performance while maintaining a low FP rate.

ANOVA
:   analysis of variance
CNR
:   contrast-to-noise ratio
FA
:   flip angle
FOM
:   figure of merit
FP
:   false-positive
FP/case
:   false-positive results per case
G
:   gradient
GRE
:   gradient-recalled echo
JAFROC
:   Jackknife Free-Response Receiver Operating Characteristic
LCD
:   liquid crystal display
LSMeans
:   least square means
MPRAGE
:   magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo
MSDE
:   motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium
NS
:   not significant
RF
:   radio-frequency
TSE
:   turbo spin-echo
TSE-MSDE
:   TSE with MSDE preparation
TSE-noMSDE
:   TSE without MSDE preparation
VENC
:   velocity-encoding" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="3D Turbo Spin-Echo Sequence with Motion-Sensitized Driven-Equilibrium Preparation for Detection of Brain Metastases on 3T MR Imaging" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/32/4/664" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MSDE preparation is a technique for black-blood imaging. Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of a 3D TSE sequence with MSDE preparation in detecting brain metastases by comparing it with conventional sequences.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postcontrast images of 227 patients who were suspected of having brain metastasis were prospectively obtained by using 3 T1-weighted 3D sequences: a gradient-echo sequence (MPRAGE), TSE-noMSDE, and TSE-MSDE. The number of visualized blood vessels and the lesion-to-normal CNR were compared among the 3 sequences. An observer test involving 9 radiologists was performed, and their diagnostic performance by using TSE-MSDE, MPRAGE, and combined TSE-MSDE and MPRAGE was compared by means of an FOM as an index of diagnostic performance derived by the JAFROC analysis, sensitivity, FP/case, and reading time.

RESULTS: TSE-MSDE resulted in significantly better vessel suppression than the other 2 methods. TSE with and without MSDE resulted in significantly higher CNRs than MPRAGE. In the observer test, significantly higher sensitivity and FOM as well as significantly shorter reading time were achieved by TSE-MSDE compared with MPRAGE, but FP/case was significantly higher with TSE-MSDE. Combined TSE-MSDE/MPRAGE resulted in significantly higher sensitivity and FOM and similar FP/case and reading time compared with MPRAGE alone.

CONCLUSIONS: With blood vessel suppression and increased CNR, TSE-MSDE improves radiologists' performances in detecting brain metastases compared with MPRAGE, but it may increase FP results. Combined with MPRAGE, TSE-MSDE achieves high diagnostic performance while maintaining a low FP rate.

ANOVA
:   analysis of variance
CNR
:   contrast-to-noise ratio
FA
:   flip angle
FOM
:   figure of merit
FP
:   false-positive
FP/case
:   false-positive results per case
G
:   gradient
GRE
:   gradient-recalled echo
JAFROC
:   Jackknife Free-Response Receiver Operating Characteristic
LCD
:   liquid crystal display
LSMeans
:   least square means
MPRAGE
:   magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo
MSDE
:   motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium
NS
:   not significant
RF
:   radio-frequency
TSE
:   turbo spin-echo
TSE-MSDE
:   TSE with MSDE preparation
TSE-noMSDE
:   TSE without MSDE preparation
VENC
:   velocity-encoding" />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Brain</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">3D Turbo Spin-Echo Sequence with Motion-Sensitized Driven-Equilibrium Preparation for Detection of Brain Metastases on 3T MR Imaging</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">E. Nagao</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">T. Yoshiura</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">A. Hiwatashi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">M. Obara</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">K. Yamashita</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">H. Kamano</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Y. Takayama</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">K. Kobayashi</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">H. Honda</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">April 2011,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">32 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">664-670; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2343 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<p id="p-1"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> MSDE preparation is a technique for black-blood imaging. Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of a 3D TSE sequence with MSDE preparation in detecting brain metastases by comparing it with conventional sequences.</p>
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<p id="p-2"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Postcontrast images of 227 patients who were suspected of having brain metastasis were prospectively obtained by using 3 T1-weighted 3D sequences: a gradient-echo sequence (MPRAGE), TSE-noMSDE, and TSE-MSDE. The number of visualized blood vessels and the lesion-to-normal CNR were compared among the 3 sequences. An observer test involving 9 radiologists was performed, and their diagnostic performance by using TSE-MSDE, MPRAGE, and combined TSE-MSDE and MPRAGE was compared by means of an FOM as an index of diagnostic performance derived by the JAFROC analysis, sensitivity, FP/case, and reading time.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> TSE-MSDE resulted in significantly better vessel suppression than the other 2 methods. TSE with and without MSDE resulted in significantly higher CNRs than MPRAGE. In the observer test, significantly higher sensitivity and FOM as well as significantly shorter reading time were achieved by TSE-MSDE compared with MPRAGE, but FP/case was significantly higher with TSE-MSDE. Combined TSE-MSDE/MPRAGE resulted in significantly higher sensitivity and FOM and similar FP/case and reading time compared with MPRAGE alone.</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> With blood vessel suppression and increased CNR, TSE-MSDE improves radiologists' performances in detecting brain metastases compared with MPRAGE, but it may increase FP results. Combined with MPRAGE, TSE-MSDE achieves high diagnostic performance while maintaining a low FP rate.</p>
</div></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2>Abbreviations</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">ANOVA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>analysis of variance<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">CNR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>contrast-to-noise ratio<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">FA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>flip angle<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">FOM<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>figure of merit<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">FP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>false-positive<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">FP/case<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>false-positive results per case<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">G<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>gradient<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">GRE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>gradient-recalled echo<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">JAFROC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Jackknife Free-Response Receiver Operating Characteristic<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-10">LCD<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>liquid crystal display<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-11">LSMeans<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>least square means<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-12">MPRAGE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-13">MSDE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-14">NS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>not significant<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-15">RF<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>radio-frequency<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-16">TSE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>turbo spin-echo<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-17">TSE-MSDE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>TSE with MSDE preparation<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-18">TSE-noMSDE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>TSE without MSDE preparation<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-19">VENC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>velocity-encoding</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/32/4/664.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 32</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 4 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Apr 2011 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">3D Turbo Spin-Echo Sequence with Motion-Sensitized Driven-Equilibrium Preparation for Detection of Brain Metastases on 3T MR Imaging</div>  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Apr 2011, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">32 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">664-670; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2343 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nagao</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yoshiura</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hiwatashi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Obara</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yamashita</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kamano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Takayama</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kobayashi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Honda</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Apr 2011, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">32 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">664-670; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2343 </span></div>
  
  
  
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