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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Pituitary Iron and Volume Imaging in Healthy Controls" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A2788" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2012-02-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with transfusional iron overload develop iron deposits in the pituitary gland, which are associated with volume loss and HH. The purpose of this study was to characterize R2 and volumetric data in a healthy population for diagnostic use in patients with transfusional iron overload.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred healthy controls without iron overload between the ages of 2 and 48 were recruited to have MR imaging of the brain to assess their pituitary R2 and volume. Pituitary R2 was assessed with a 8-echo spin-echo sequence, and pituitary volumes, by a 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequence with 1-mm3 resolution. A 2-component continuous piecewise linear approximation was used for creating volumetric and R2 nomograms. Equations were generated from regression relationships for convenient z -score calculation.

RESULTS: Pituitary R2 rose weakly with age ( r 2 = 0.19, P &lt; .0001). Anterior and total pituitary volumes increased steadily up to 18 years of age, after which volume slightly decreased. Females had larger pituitary glands, most likely representing their larger lactotroph population.

CONCLUSIONS: From these data, a clinician can calculate the z scores for R2 and pituitary volume in patients with iron overload. Normal ranges are well-differentiated from values previously associated with endocrine disease in transfusional siderosis; this finding suggests that preclinical iron overload can be recognized and appropriately treated.

GnRH
:   gonadotropin-releasing hormone
HH
:   hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
R2
:   pituitary iron" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L.J. Noetzli" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Panigrahy" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Hyderi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Dongelyan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.D. Coates" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.C. Wood" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2012-02-01" />
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Pituitary Iron and Volume Imaging in Healthy Controls" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Patients with transfusional iron overload develop iron deposits in the pituitary gland, which are associated with volume loss and HH. The purpose of this study was to characterize R2 and volumetric data in a healthy population for diagnostic use in patients with transfusional iron overload.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One hundred healthy controls without iron overload between the ages of 2 and 48 were recruited to have MR imaging of the brain to assess their pituitary R2 and volume. Pituitary R2 was assessed with a 8-echo spin-echo sequence, and pituitary volumes, by a 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequence with 1-mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; resolution. A 2-component continuous piecewise linear approximation was used for creating volumetric and R2 nomograms. Equations were generated from regression relationships for convenient &lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;-score calculation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pituitary R2 rose weakly with age (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.19, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .0001). Anterior and total pituitary volumes increased steadily up to 18 years of age, after which volume slightly decreased. Females had larger pituitary glands, most likely representing their larger lactotroph population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;From these data, a clinician can calculate the &lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt; scores for R2 and pituitary volume in patients with iron overload. Normal ranges are well-differentiated from values previously associated with endocrine disease in transfusional siderosis; this finding suggests that preclinical iron overload can be recognized and appropriately treated.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Pituitary Iron and Volume Imaging in Healthy Controls" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with transfusional iron overload develop iron deposits in the pituitary gland, which are associated with volume loss and HH. The purpose of this study was to characterize R2 and volumetric data in a healthy population for diagnostic use in patients with transfusional iron overload.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred healthy controls without iron overload between the ages of 2 and 48 were recruited to have MR imaging of the brain to assess their pituitary R2 and volume. Pituitary R2 was assessed with a 8-echo spin-echo sequence, and pituitary volumes, by a 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequence with 1-mm3 resolution. A 2-component continuous piecewise linear approximation was used for creating volumetric and R2 nomograms. Equations were generated from regression relationships for convenient z -score calculation.

RESULTS: Pituitary R2 rose weakly with age ( r 2 = 0.19, P &lt; .0001). Anterior and total pituitary volumes increased steadily up to 18 years of age, after which volume slightly decreased. Females had larger pituitary glands, most likely representing their larger lactotroph population.

CONCLUSIONS: From these data, a clinician can calculate the z scores for R2 and pituitary volume in patients with iron overload. Normal ranges are well-differentiated from values previously associated with endocrine disease in transfusional siderosis; this finding suggests that preclinical iron overload can be recognized and appropriately treated.

GnRH
:   gonadotropin-releasing hormone
HH
:   hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
R2
:   pituitary iron" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Pituitary Iron and Volume Imaging in Healthy Controls" />
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<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with transfusional iron overload develop iron deposits in the pituitary gland, which are associated with volume loss and HH. The purpose of this study was to characterize R2 and volumetric data in a healthy population for diagnostic use in patients with transfusional iron overload.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred healthy controls without iron overload between the ages of 2 and 48 were recruited to have MR imaging of the brain to assess their pituitary R2 and volume. Pituitary R2 was assessed with a 8-echo spin-echo sequence, and pituitary volumes, by a 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequence with 1-mm3 resolution. A 2-component continuous piecewise linear approximation was used for creating volumetric and R2 nomograms. Equations were generated from regression relationships for convenient z -score calculation.

RESULTS: Pituitary R2 rose weakly with age ( r 2 = 0.19, P &lt; .0001). Anterior and total pituitary volumes increased steadily up to 18 years of age, after which volume slightly decreased. Females had larger pituitary glands, most likely representing their larger lactotroph population.

CONCLUSIONS: From these data, a clinician can calculate the z scores for R2 and pituitary volume in patients with iron overload. Normal ranges are well-differentiated from values previously associated with endocrine disease in transfusional siderosis; this finding suggests that preclinical iron overload can be recognized and appropriately treated.

GnRH
:   gonadotropin-releasing hormone
HH
:   hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
R2
:   pituitary iron" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Pituitary Iron and Volume Imaging in Healthy Controls</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">L.J. Noetzli</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">A. Panigrahy</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">A. Hyderi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A. Dongelyan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">T.D. Coates</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">J.C. Wood</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">February 2012,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">33 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">259-265; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2788 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<p id="p-2"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Patients with transfusional iron overload develop iron deposits in the pituitary gland, which are associated with volume loss and HH. The purpose of this study was to characterize R2 and volumetric data in a healthy population for diagnostic use in patients with transfusional iron overload.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> One hundred healthy controls without iron overload between the ages of 2 and 48 were recruited to have MR imaging of the brain to assess their pituitary R2 and volume. Pituitary R2 was assessed with a 8-echo spin-echo sequence, and pituitary volumes, by a 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequence with 1-mm<sup>3</sup> resolution. A 2-component continuous piecewise linear approximation was used for creating volumetric and R2 nomograms. Equations were generated from regression relationships for convenient <em>z</em>-score calculation.</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Pituitary R2 rose weakly with age (<em>r</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.19, <em>P</em> &lt; .0001). Anterior and total pituitary volumes increased steadily up to 18 years of age, after which volume slightly decreased. Females had larger pituitary glands, most likely representing their larger lactotroph population.</p>
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<p id="p-5"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> From these data, a clinician can calculate the <em>z</em> scores for R2 and pituitary volume in patients with iron overload. Normal ranges are well-differentiated from values previously associated with endocrine disease in transfusional siderosis; this finding suggests that preclinical iron overload can be recognized and appropriately treated.</p>
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<h2>ABBREVIATIONS:</h2>
<dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">GnRH<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>gonadotropin-releasing hormone<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">HH<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>hypogonadotropic hypogonadism<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">R2<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>pituitary iron</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2012 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/33/2/259.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Noetzli</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Panigrahy</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hyderi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dongelyan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Coates</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wood</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Feb 2012, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">33 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">259-265; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2788 </span></div>
  
  
  
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