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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Role of Semantic Paradigms for Optimization of Language Mapping in Clinical fMRI Studies" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A3628" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2013-10-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The optimal paradigm choice for language mapping in clinical fMRI studies is challenging due to the variability in activation among different paradigms, the contribution to activation of cognitive processes other than language, and the difficulties in monitoring patient performance. In this study, we compared language localization and lateralization between 2 commonly used clinical language paradigms and 3 newly designed dual-choice semantic paradigms to define a streamlined and adequate language-mapping protocol.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers performed 5 language paradigms: Silent Word Generation, Sentence Completion, Visual Antonym Pair, Auditory Antonym Pair, and Noun-Verb Association. Group analysis was performed to assess statistically significant differences in fMRI percentage signal change and lateralization index among these paradigms in 5 ROIs: inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus for expressive language activation, middle temporal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus for receptive language activation.

RESULTS: In the expressive ROIs, Silent Word Generation was the most robust and best lateralizing paradigm (greater percentage signal change and lateralization index than semantic paradigms at P &lt; .01 and P &lt; .05 levels, respectively). In the receptive region of interest, Sentence Completion and Noun-Verb Association were the most robust activators (greater percentage signal change than other paradigms, P &lt; .01). All except Auditory Antonym Pair were good lateralizing tasks (the lateralization index was significantly lower than other paradigms, P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of Silent Word Generation and ≥1 visual semantic paradigm, such as Sentence Completion and Noun-Verb Association, is adequate to determine language localization and lateralization; Noun-Verb Association has the additional advantage of objective monitoring of patient performance.

BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
IFG
:   inferior frontal gyrus
MFG
:   middle frontal gyrus
LI
:   lateralization index
MNI
:   Montreal Neurological Institute
MTG
:   middle temporal gyrus
PSC
:   percentage signal change
SFG
:   superior frontal gyrus
STG
:   superior temporal gyrus" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Zacà" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Jarso" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.J. Pillai" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2013-10-01" />
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Role of Semantic Paradigms for Optimization of Language Mapping in Clinical fMRI Studies" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The optimal paradigm choice for language mapping in clinical fMRI studies is challenging due to the variability in activation among different paradigms, the contribution to activation of cognitive processes other than language, and the difficulties in monitoring patient performance. In this study, we compared language localization and lateralization between 2 commonly used clinical language paradigms and 3 newly designed dual-choice semantic paradigms to define a streamlined and adequate language-mapping protocol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Twelve healthy volunteers performed 5 language paradigms: Silent Word Generation, Sentence Completion, Visual Antonym Pair, Auditory Antonym Pair, and Noun-Verb Association. Group analysis was performed to assess statistically significant differences in fMRI percentage signal change and lateralization index among these paradigms in 5 ROIs: inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus for expressive language activation, middle temporal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus for receptive language activation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the expressive ROIs, Silent Word Generation was the most robust and best lateralizing paradigm (greater percentage signal change and lateralization index than semantic paradigms at &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01 and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .05 levels, respectively). In the receptive region of interest, Sentence Completion and Noun-Verb Association were the most robust activators (greater percentage signal change than other paradigms, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01). All except Auditory Antonym Pair were good lateralizing tasks (the lateralization index was significantly lower than other paradigms, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The combination of Silent Word Generation and ≥1 visual semantic paradigm, such as Sentence Completion and Noun-Verb Association, is adequate to determine language localization and lateralization; Noun-Verb Association has the additional advantage of objective monitoring of patient performance.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Role of Semantic Paradigms for Optimization of Language Mapping in Clinical fMRI Studies" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The optimal paradigm choice for language mapping in clinical fMRI studies is challenging due to the variability in activation among different paradigms, the contribution to activation of cognitive processes other than language, and the difficulties in monitoring patient performance. In this study, we compared language localization and lateralization between 2 commonly used clinical language paradigms and 3 newly designed dual-choice semantic paradigms to define a streamlined and adequate language-mapping protocol.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers performed 5 language paradigms: Silent Word Generation, Sentence Completion, Visual Antonym Pair, Auditory Antonym Pair, and Noun-Verb Association. Group analysis was performed to assess statistically significant differences in fMRI percentage signal change and lateralization index among these paradigms in 5 ROIs: inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus for expressive language activation, middle temporal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus for receptive language activation.

RESULTS: In the expressive ROIs, Silent Word Generation was the most robust and best lateralizing paradigm (greater percentage signal change and lateralization index than semantic paradigms at P &lt; .01 and P &lt; .05 levels, respectively). In the receptive region of interest, Sentence Completion and Noun-Verb Association were the most robust activators (greater percentage signal change than other paradigms, P &lt; .01). All except Auditory Antonym Pair were good lateralizing tasks (the lateralization index was significantly lower than other paradigms, P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of Silent Word Generation and ≥1 visual semantic paradigm, such as Sentence Completion and Noun-Verb Association, is adequate to determine language localization and lateralization; Noun-Verb Association has the additional advantage of objective monitoring of patient performance.

BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
IFG
:   inferior frontal gyrus
MFG
:   middle frontal gyrus
LI
:   lateralization index
MNI
:   Montreal Neurological Institute
MTG
:   middle temporal gyrus
PSC
:   percentage signal change
SFG
:   superior frontal gyrus
STG
:   superior temporal gyrus" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Role of Semantic Paradigms for Optimization of Language Mapping in Clinical fMRI Studies" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/34/10/1966" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The optimal paradigm choice for language mapping in clinical fMRI studies is challenging due to the variability in activation among different paradigms, the contribution to activation of cognitive processes other than language, and the difficulties in monitoring patient performance. In this study, we compared language localization and lateralization between 2 commonly used clinical language paradigms and 3 newly designed dual-choice semantic paradigms to define a streamlined and adequate language-mapping protocol.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers performed 5 language paradigms: Silent Word Generation, Sentence Completion, Visual Antonym Pair, Auditory Antonym Pair, and Noun-Verb Association. Group analysis was performed to assess statistically significant differences in fMRI percentage signal change and lateralization index among these paradigms in 5 ROIs: inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus for expressive language activation, middle temporal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus for receptive language activation.

RESULTS: In the expressive ROIs, Silent Word Generation was the most robust and best lateralizing paradigm (greater percentage signal change and lateralization index than semantic paradigms at P &lt; .01 and P &lt; .05 levels, respectively). In the receptive region of interest, Sentence Completion and Noun-Verb Association were the most robust activators (greater percentage signal change than other paradigms, P &lt; .01). All except Auditory Antonym Pair were good lateralizing tasks (the lateralization index was significantly lower than other paradigms, P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of Silent Word Generation and ≥1 visual semantic paradigm, such as Sentence Completion and Noun-Verb Association, is adequate to determine language localization and lateralization; Noun-Verb Association has the additional advantage of objective monitoring of patient performance.

BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
IFG
:   inferior frontal gyrus
MFG
:   middle frontal gyrus
LI
:   lateralization index
MNI
:   Montreal Neurological Institute
MTG
:   middle temporal gyrus
PSC
:   percentage signal change
SFG
:   superior frontal gyrus
STG
:   superior temporal gyrus" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Role of Semantic Paradigms for Optimization of Language Mapping in Clinical fMRI Studies</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">D. Zacà</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">S. Jarso</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">J.J. Pillai</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">October 2013,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">34 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1966-1971; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3628 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-12674--6344225002" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Zacà </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neuroradiology (D.Z., J.J.P.), Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (D.Z.), University of Trento, Trento, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BZac%C3%A0%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zac%C3%A0%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BZac%25C3%25A0%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Jarso </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging (S.J.), The Kennedy-Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BJarso%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jarso%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BJarso%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.J. Pillai </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neuroradiology (D.Z., J.J.P.), Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.J.%2BPillai%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Pillai%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.J.%2BPillai%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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<p id="p-1"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> The optimal paradigm choice for language mapping in clinical fMRI studies is challenging due to the variability in activation among different paradigms, the contribution to activation of cognitive processes other than language, and the difficulties in monitoring patient performance. In this study, we compared language localization and lateralization between 2 commonly used clinical language paradigms and 3 newly designed dual-choice semantic paradigms to define a streamlined and adequate language-mapping protocol.</p>
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<p id="p-2"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Twelve healthy volunteers performed 5 language paradigms: Silent Word Generation, Sentence Completion, Visual Antonym Pair, Auditory Antonym Pair, and Noun-Verb Association. Group analysis was performed to assess statistically significant differences in fMRI percentage signal change and lateralization index among these paradigms in 5 ROIs: inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus for expressive language activation, middle temporal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus for receptive language activation.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> In the expressive ROIs, Silent Word Generation was the most robust and best lateralizing paradigm (greater percentage signal change and lateralization index than semantic paradigms at <em>P</em> &lt; .01 and <em>P</em> &lt; .05 levels, respectively). In the receptive region of interest, Sentence Completion and Noun-Verb Association were the most robust activators (greater percentage signal change than other paradigms, <em>P</em> &lt; .01). All except Auditory Antonym Pair were good lateralizing tasks (the lateralization index was significantly lower than other paradigms, <em>P</em> &lt; .05).</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> The combination of Silent Word Generation and ≥1 visual semantic paradigm, such as Sentence Completion and Noun-Verb Association, is adequate to determine language localization and lateralization; Noun-Verb Association has the additional advantage of objective monitoring of patient performance.</p>
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</div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2>ABBREVIATIONS:</h2>
<dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">BOLD<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>blood oxygen level–dependent<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">IFG<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>inferior frontal gyrus<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">MFG<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>middle frontal gyrus<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">LI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>lateralization index<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">MNI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Montreal Neurological Institute<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">MTG<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>middle temporal gyrus<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">PSC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>percentage signal change<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">SFG<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>superior frontal gyrus<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">STG<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>superior temporal gyrus</dd></dl>
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Role of Semantic Paradigms for Optimization of Language Mapping in Clinical fMRI Studies</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zacà</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jarso</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pillai</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Oct 2013, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">34 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1966-1971; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3628 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Role of Semantic Paradigms for Optimization of Language Mapping in Clinical fMRI Studies</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zacà</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jarso</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pillai</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Oct 2013, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">34 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1966-1971; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3628 </span></div>
  
  
  
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