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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="SUMMARY: MR imaging at 7T has a high sensitivity for cerebral microbleed detection. We identified mIP processing conditions with an optimal balance between the number of visually detected microbleeds and the number of sections on 7T MR imaging. Even with optimal mIP processing, the limited size of some of the microbleeds and the susceptibility effects of other adjacent structures were a challenge for visual detection, which led to a modest inter-rater agreement, mainly due to missed microbleeds. Automated lesion-detection techniques may be required to optimally benefit from the increased spatial resolution offered by 7T MR imaging.

ICC
:   intraclass correlation coefficient
MARS
:   Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale
mIP
:   minimum intensity projection
SI
:   similarity index
SMART
:   Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Visual Cerebral Microbleed Detection on 7T MR Imaging: Reliability and Effects of Image Processing</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">J. de Bresser</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">M. Brundel</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">M.M. Conijn</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">J.J. van Dillen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">M.I. Geerlings</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">M.A. Viergever</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">P.R. Luijten</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">G.J. Biessels</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">June 2013,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">34 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">E61-E64; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2960 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-12510--61117490112" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. de Bresser </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Image Sciences Institute (J.d.B., M.A.V., P.R.L.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurology (J.d.B., M.B., J.J.v.D., G.J.B.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2Bde%2BBresser%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=de%20Bresser%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2Bde%2BBresser%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Brundel </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurology (J.d.B., M.B., J.J.v.D., G.J.B.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BBrundel%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Brundel%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BBrundel%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.M. Conijn </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (M.M.C., P.R.L.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.M.C., M.I.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.M.%2BConijn%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Conijn%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.M.%2BConijn%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.J. van Dillen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurology (J.d.B., M.B., J.J.v.D., G.J.B.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.J.%2Bvan%2BDillen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=van%20Dillen%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.J.%2Bvan%2BDillen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.I. Geerlings </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.M.C., M.I.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.I.%2BGeerlings%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Geerlings%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.I.%2BGeerlings%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.A. Viergever </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Image Sciences Institute (J.d.B., M.A.V., P.R.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.A.%2BViergever%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Viergever%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.A.%2BViergever%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P.R. Luijten </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Image Sciences Institute (J.d.B., M.A.V., P.R.L.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (M.M.C., P.R.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.R.%2BLuijten%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Luijten%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.R.%2BLuijten%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G.J. Biessels </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurology (J.d.B., M.B., J.J.v.D., G.J.B.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.J.%2BBiessels%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Biessels%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.J.%2BBiessels%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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<p id="p-1"><strong>SUMMARY:</strong> MR imaging at 7T has a high sensitivity for cerebral microbleed detection. We identified mIP processing conditions with an optimal balance between the number of visually detected microbleeds and the number of sections on 7T MR imaging. Even with optimal mIP processing, the limited size of some of the microbleeds and the susceptibility effects of other adjacent structures were a challenge for visual detection, which led to a modest inter-rater agreement, mainly due to missed microbleeds. Automated lesion-detection techniques may be required to optimally benefit from the increased spatial resolution offered by 7T MR imaging.</p>
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<h2>ABBREVIATIONS:</h2>
<dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">ICC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>intraclass correlation coefficient<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">MARS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">mIP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>minimum intensity projection<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">SI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>similarity index<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">SMART<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease</dd></dl>
</div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2013 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/34/6/E61.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 34</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 6 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jun 2013 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2013, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">34 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">E61-E64; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2960 </span></div>
  
  
  
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