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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Brain MR Findings in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with and without Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A3645" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-01-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2014 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Antiphospholipid syndrome may affect the incidence and pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. We compared the spectrum of MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without antiphospholipid syndrome.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 256 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (45 with, 211 without antiphospholipid syndrome) who underwent MR studies; in 145 (57%), we detected abnormalities. These were categorized as large territorial, lacunar, localized cortical, and borderzone infarctions and as microembolisms, basal ganglia lesions, callosal lesions, hemorrhages, and white matter hyperintensity on T2-weighted and/or FLAIR images, and as stenotic arterial lesions on MR angiograms. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without antiphospholipid syndrome, with patient age and antiphospholipid syndrome as the covariates.

RESULTS: Abnormal MR findings were more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome (73% versus 53%). Large territorial ( P = .01), lacunar ( P = .01), localized cortical ( P &lt; .01), borderzone infarcts ( P &lt; .01), basal ganglia lesions ( P = .03), stenotic arterial lesions ( P = .04), and the rate of positive findings on MR imaging ( P = .01) were significantly associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. Irrespective of age, significantly more patients with antiphospholipid syndrome manifested lacunar infarcts in the deep white matter ( P &lt; .01), localized cortical infarcts in the territory of the MCA ( P &lt; .01), bilateral borderzone infarcts ( P &lt; .01), and anterior basal ganglia lesions ( P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal MR findings were more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with than in those without antiphospholipid syndrome. Large territorial infarctions, lacunar infarctions in the deep white matter, localized cortical infarctions in the MCA territory, bilateral borderzone infarctions, anterior basal ganglia lesions, and stenotic arterial lesions are common MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome.

aPL
:   antiphospholipid antibodies
APS
:   antiphospholipid syndrome
GRE
:   gradient echo
SLE
:   systemic lupus erythematosus
WMH
:   white matter hyperintensity" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Kaichi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Kakeda" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Moriya" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N. Ohnari" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Saito" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Tanaka" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Tatsugami" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Date" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Awai" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Korogi" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2014-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Brain MR Findings in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with and without Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antiphospholipid syndrome may affect the incidence and pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. We compared the spectrum of MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without antiphospholipid syndrome.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We identified 256 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (45 with, 211 without antiphospholipid syndrome) who underwent MR studies; in 145 (57%), we detected abnormalities. These were categorized as large territorial, lacunar, localized cortical, and borderzone infarctions and as microembolisms, basal ganglia lesions, callosal lesions, hemorrhages, and white matter hyperintensity on T2-weighted and/or FLAIR images, and as stenotic arterial lesions on MR angiograms. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without antiphospholipid syndrome, with patient age and antiphospholipid syndrome as the covariates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Abnormal MR findings were more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome (73% versus 53%). Large territorial (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .01), lacunar (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .01), localized cortical (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01), borderzone infarcts (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01), basal ganglia lesions (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .03), stenotic arterial lesions (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .04), and the rate of positive findings on MR imaging (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .01) were significantly associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. Irrespective of age, significantly more patients with antiphospholipid syndrome manifested lacunar infarcts in the deep white matter (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01), localized cortical infarcts in the territory of the MCA (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01), bilateral borderzone infarcts (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01), and anterior basal ganglia lesions (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .01).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Abnormal MR findings were more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with than in those without antiphospholipid syndrome. Large territorial infarctions, lacunar infarctions in the deep white matter, localized cortical infarctions in the MCA territory, bilateral borderzone infarctions, anterior basal ganglia lesions, and stenotic arterial lesions are common MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2014/01/01" />
<meta name="citation_mjid" content="ajnr;35/1/100" />
<meta name="citation_id" content="35/1/100" />
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<meta name="citation_issn" content="0195-6108" />
<meta name="citation_issn" content="1936-959X" />
<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3174/ajnr.A3645" />
<meta name="citation_pmid" content="23886740" />
<meta name="citation_volume" content="35" />
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<meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article" />
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<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="100" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Y. Kaichi" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology (Y. Kaichi, S.K., J.M., N.O., Y. Korogi)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology (Y. Kaichi, F.T., S.D., K.A.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="S. Kakeda" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology (Y. Kaichi, S.K., J.M., N.O., Y. Korogi)" />
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<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology (Y. Kaichi, S.K., J.M., N.O., Y. Korogi)" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="N. Ohnari" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology (Y. Kaichi, S.K., J.M., N.O., Y. Korogi)" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="K. Saito" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bFirst Department of Internal Medicine (K.S., Y.T.), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Y. Tanaka" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bFirst Department of Internal Medicine (K.S., Y.T.), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="F. Tatsugami" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology (Y. Kaichi, F.T., S.D., K.A.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="S. Date" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology (Y. Kaichi, F.T., S.D., K.A.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="K. Awai" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology (Y. Kaichi, F.T., S.D., K.A.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Y. Korogi" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology (Y. Kaichi, S.K., J.M., N.O., Y. Korogi)" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Brain MR Findings in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with and without Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Antiphospholipid syndrome may affect the incidence and pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. We compared the spectrum of MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without antiphospholipid syndrome.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 256 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (45 with, 211 without antiphospholipid syndrome) who underwent MR studies; in 145 (57%), we detected abnormalities. These were categorized as large territorial, lacunar, localized cortical, and borderzone infarctions and as microembolisms, basal ganglia lesions, callosal lesions, hemorrhages, and white matter hyperintensity on T2-weighted and/or FLAIR images, and as stenotic arterial lesions on MR angiograms. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without antiphospholipid syndrome, with patient age and antiphospholipid syndrome as the covariates.

RESULTS: Abnormal MR findings were more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome (73% versus 53%). Large territorial ( P = .01), lacunar ( P = .01), localized cortical ( P &lt; .01), borderzone infarcts ( P &lt; .01), basal ganglia lesions ( P = .03), stenotic arterial lesions ( P = .04), and the rate of positive findings on MR imaging ( P = .01) were significantly associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. Irrespective of age, significantly more patients with antiphospholipid syndrome manifested lacunar infarcts in the deep white matter ( P &lt; .01), localized cortical infarcts in the territory of the MCA ( P &lt; .01), bilateral borderzone infarcts ( P &lt; .01), and anterior basal ganglia lesions ( P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal MR findings were more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with than in those without antiphospholipid syndrome. Large territorial infarctions, lacunar infarctions in the deep white matter, localized cortical infarctions in the MCA territory, bilateral borderzone infarctions, anterior basal ganglia lesions, and stenotic arterial lesions are common MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome.

aPL
:   antiphospholipid antibodies
APS
:   antiphospholipid syndrome
GRE
:   gradient echo
SLE
:   systemic lupus erythematosus
WMH
:   white matter hyperintensity" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Brain MR Findings in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with and without Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/35/1/100" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Antiphospholipid syndrome may affect the incidence and pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. We compared the spectrum of MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without antiphospholipid syndrome.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 256 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (45 with, 211 without antiphospholipid syndrome) who underwent MR studies; in 145 (57%), we detected abnormalities. These were categorized as large territorial, lacunar, localized cortical, and borderzone infarctions and as microembolisms, basal ganglia lesions, callosal lesions, hemorrhages, and white matter hyperintensity on T2-weighted and/or FLAIR images, and as stenotic arterial lesions on MR angiograms. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without antiphospholipid syndrome, with patient age and antiphospholipid syndrome as the covariates.

RESULTS: Abnormal MR findings were more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome (73% versus 53%). Large territorial ( P = .01), lacunar ( P = .01), localized cortical ( P &lt; .01), borderzone infarcts ( P &lt; .01), basal ganglia lesions ( P = .03), stenotic arterial lesions ( P = .04), and the rate of positive findings on MR imaging ( P = .01) were significantly associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. Irrespective of age, significantly more patients with antiphospholipid syndrome manifested lacunar infarcts in the deep white matter ( P &lt; .01), localized cortical infarcts in the territory of the MCA ( P &lt; .01), bilateral borderzone infarcts ( P &lt; .01), and anterior basal ganglia lesions ( P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal MR findings were more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with than in those without antiphospholipid syndrome. Large territorial infarctions, lacunar infarctions in the deep white matter, localized cortical infarctions in the MCA territory, bilateral borderzone infarctions, anterior basal ganglia lesions, and stenotic arterial lesions are common MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome.

aPL
:   antiphospholipid antibodies
APS
:   antiphospholipid syndrome
GRE
:   gradient echo
SLE
:   systemic lupus erythematosus
WMH
:   white matter hyperintensity" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node12749--5" data-node-nid="12749" id="top-node-12749--61312364722" data-pisa="ajnr;35/1/100" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A3645" data-apath="/ajnr/35/1/100.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Brain</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Brain MR Findings in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with and without Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Y. Kaichi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">S. Kakeda</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">J. Moriya</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">N. Ohnari</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">K. Saito</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Y. Tanaka</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">F. Tatsugami</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">S. Date</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">K. Awai</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">Y. Korogi</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2014,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">35 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">100-105; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3645 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-12749--61312364722" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Kaichi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (Y. Kaichi, S.K., J.M., N.O., Y. Korogi)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Y. Kaichi, F.T., S.D., K.A.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BKaichi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kaichi%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BKaichi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Kakeda </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (Y. Kaichi, S.K., J.M., N.O., Y. Korogi)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BKakeda%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kakeda%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BKakeda%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Moriya </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (Y. Kaichi, S.K., J.M., N.O., Y. Korogi)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BMoriya%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Moriya%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BMoriya%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N. Ohnari </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (Y. Kaichi, S.K., J.M., N.O., Y. Korogi)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.%2BOhnari%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ohnari%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.%2BOhnari%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K. Saito </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>First Department of Internal Medicine (K.S., Y.T.), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BSaito%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Saito%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BSaito%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Tanaka </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>First Department of Internal Medicine (K.S., Y.T.), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BTanaka%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tanaka%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BTanaka%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Tatsugami </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Y. Kaichi, F.T., S.D., K.A.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BTatsugami%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tatsugami%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BTatsugami%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Date </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Y. Kaichi, F.T., S.D., K.A.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BDate%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Date%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BDate%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K. Awai </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Y. Kaichi, F.T., S.D., K.A.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BAwai%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Awai%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BAwai%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. 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<p id="p-1"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Antiphospholipid syndrome may affect the incidence and pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. We compared the spectrum of MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without antiphospholipid syndrome.</p>
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<p id="p-2"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> We identified 256 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (45 with, 211 without antiphospholipid syndrome) who underwent MR studies; in 145 (57%), we detected abnormalities. These were categorized as large territorial, lacunar, localized cortical, and borderzone infarctions and as microembolisms, basal ganglia lesions, callosal lesions, hemorrhages, and white matter hyperintensity on T2-weighted and/or FLAIR images, and as stenotic arterial lesions on MR angiograms. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without antiphospholipid syndrome, with patient age and antiphospholipid syndrome as the covariates.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Abnormal MR findings were more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome (73% versus 53%). Large territorial (<em>P</em> = .01), lacunar (<em>P</em> = .01), localized cortical (<em>P</em> &lt; .01), borderzone infarcts (<em>P</em> &lt; .01), basal ganglia lesions (<em>P</em> = .03), stenotic arterial lesions (<em>P</em> = .04), and the rate of positive findings on MR imaging (<em>P</em> = .01) were significantly associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. Irrespective of age, significantly more patients with antiphospholipid syndrome manifested lacunar infarcts in the deep white matter (<em>P</em> &lt; .01), localized cortical infarcts in the territory of the MCA (<em>P</em> &lt; .01), bilateral borderzone infarcts (<em>P</em> &lt; .01), and anterior basal ganglia lesions (<em>P</em> = .01).</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Abnormal MR findings were more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with than in those without antiphospholipid syndrome. Large territorial infarctions, lacunar infarctions in the deep white matter, localized cortical infarctions in the MCA territory, bilateral borderzone infarctions, anterior basal ganglia lesions, and stenotic arterial lesions are common MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome.</p>
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</div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2>ABBREVIATIONS:</h2>
<dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">aPL<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>antiphospholipid antibodies<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">APS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>antiphospholipid syndrome<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">GRE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>gradient echo<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">SLE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>systemic lupus erythematosus<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">WMH<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>white matter hyperintensity</dd></dl>
</div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2014 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/35/1/100.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 35</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 1 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jan 2014 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Brain MR Findings in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with and without Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kaichi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kakeda</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Moriya</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ohnari</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Saito</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tanaka</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tatsugami</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Date</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Awai</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Korogi</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2014, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">35 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">100-105; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3645 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kaichi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kakeda</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Moriya</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ohnari</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Saito</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tanaka</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tatsugami</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Date</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Awai</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Korogi</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2014, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">35 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">100-105; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3645 </span></div>
  
  
  
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