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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Phlebographic Study Does Not Show Differences Between Patients with MS and Control Subjects" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A3816" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-06-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2014 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypothetical correlation between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MS has gained the attention of patients and the scientific community. Studies performed by echo-color Doppler ultrasonography have shown different results, and it is necessary to use more objective diagnostic techniques. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of stenoses affecting azygos veins and internal jugular veins by use of venography in patients with MS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 2 groups of subjects who underwent venography: the study group included 29 patients with MS and the control group included 15 healthy volunteers. The ileo-lumbar plexus, the azygos, and the internal jugular veins were selectively catheterized. We considered any cross-sectional area reduction of the venous lumen &gt;50% to be a significant stenosis. Furthermore, blood pressure was measured in the studied vessels at the stenotic internal jugular veins.

RESULTS: Selective venography showed at least 1 significant venous stenosis in 84% of subjects examined, without significant difference between the study group and the control group. Positive venography chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency patterns were found in 50% of all subjects examined, without any significant difference between the 2 groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis failed to assess any significant association between the presence of a positive venography and MS condition. The difference between the median blood pressure of stenotic and nonstenotic internal jugular veins was not statistically significant ( P = .46).

CONCLUSIONS: Our data exclude any direct correlation between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MS because venous abnormalities were equally present in both groups.

AV
:   azygos vein
CCSVI
:   chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
EDSS
:   Expanded Disability Status Scale
IJV
:   internal jugular vein
ILP
:   ileo-lumbar plexus" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Stefanini" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Fabiano" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Garaci" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Marziali" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Meschini" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V. Cama" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Fornari" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Rossi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Centonze" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Gandini" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Simonetti" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Floris" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2014-06-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Extracranial Vascular" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Phlebographic Study Does Not Show Differences Between Patients with MS and Control Subjects" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hypothetical correlation between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MS has gained the attention of patients and the scientific community. Studies performed by echo-color Doppler ultrasonography have shown different results, and it is necessary to use more objective diagnostic techniques. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of stenoses affecting azygos veins and internal jugular veins by use of venography in patients with MS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We recruited 2 groups of subjects who underwent venography: the study group included 29 patients with MS and the control group included 15 healthy volunteers. The ileo-lumbar plexus, the azygos, and the internal jugular veins were selectively catheterized. We considered any cross-sectional area reduction of the venous lumen &amp;gt;50% to be a significant stenosis. Furthermore, blood pressure was measured in the studied vessels at the stenotic internal jugular veins.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Selective venography showed at least 1 significant venous stenosis in 84% of subjects examined, without significant difference between the study group and the control group. Positive venography chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency patterns were found in 50% of all subjects examined, without any significant difference between the 2 groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis failed to assess any significant association between the presence of a positive venography and MS condition. The difference between the median blood pressure of stenotic and nonstenotic internal jugular veins was not statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .46).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our data exclude any direct correlation between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MS because venous abnormalities were equally present in both groups.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Phlebographic Study Does Not Show Differences Between Patients with MS and Control Subjects" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypothetical correlation between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MS has gained the attention of patients and the scientific community. Studies performed by echo-color Doppler ultrasonography have shown different results, and it is necessary to use more objective diagnostic techniques. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of stenoses affecting azygos veins and internal jugular veins by use of venography in patients with MS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 2 groups of subjects who underwent venography: the study group included 29 patients with MS and the control group included 15 healthy volunteers. The ileo-lumbar plexus, the azygos, and the internal jugular veins were selectively catheterized. We considered any cross-sectional area reduction of the venous lumen &gt;50% to be a significant stenosis. Furthermore, blood pressure was measured in the studied vessels at the stenotic internal jugular veins.

RESULTS: Selective venography showed at least 1 significant venous stenosis in 84% of subjects examined, without significant difference between the study group and the control group. Positive venography chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency patterns were found in 50% of all subjects examined, without any significant difference between the 2 groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis failed to assess any significant association between the presence of a positive venography and MS condition. The difference between the median blood pressure of stenotic and nonstenotic internal jugular veins was not statistically significant ( P = .46).

CONCLUSIONS: Our data exclude any direct correlation between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MS because venous abnormalities were equally present in both groups.

AV
:   azygos vein
CCSVI
:   chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
EDSS
:   Expanded Disability Status Scale
IJV
:   internal jugular vein
ILP
:   ileo-lumbar plexus" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Phlebographic Study Does Not Show Differences Between Patients with MS and Control Subjects" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/35/6/1174" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypothetical correlation between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MS has gained the attention of patients and the scientific community. Studies performed by echo-color Doppler ultrasonography have shown different results, and it is necessary to use more objective diagnostic techniques. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of stenoses affecting azygos veins and internal jugular veins by use of venography in patients with MS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 2 groups of subjects who underwent venography: the study group included 29 patients with MS and the control group included 15 healthy volunteers. The ileo-lumbar plexus, the azygos, and the internal jugular veins were selectively catheterized. We considered any cross-sectional area reduction of the venous lumen &gt;50% to be a significant stenosis. Furthermore, blood pressure was measured in the studied vessels at the stenotic internal jugular veins.

RESULTS: Selective venography showed at least 1 significant venous stenosis in 84% of subjects examined, without significant difference between the study group and the control group. Positive venography chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency patterns were found in 50% of all subjects examined, without any significant difference between the 2 groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis failed to assess any significant association between the presence of a positive venography and MS condition. The difference between the median blood pressure of stenotic and nonstenotic internal jugular veins was not statistically significant ( P = .46).

CONCLUSIONS: Our data exclude any direct correlation between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MS because venous abnormalities were equally present in both groups.

AV
:   azygos vein
CCSVI
:   chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
EDSS
:   Expanded Disability Status Scale
IJV
:   internal jugular vein
ILP
:   ileo-lumbar plexus" />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Extracranial Vascular</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Phlebographic Study Does Not Show Differences Between Patients with MS and Control Subjects</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">M. Stefanini</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">S. Fabiano</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">F. Garaci</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">S. Marziali</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">A. Meschini</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">V. Cama</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">M. Fornari</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">S. Rossi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">D. Centonze</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">R. Gandini</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">G. Simonetti</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">R. Floris</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">June 2014,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">35 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1174-1179; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3816 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-13699--61178465294" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Stefanini </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.S., S.F., F.G., S.M., A.M., V.C., M.F., R.F., R.G., G.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BStefanini%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Stefanini%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BStefanini%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Fabiano </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.S., S.F., F.G., S.M., A.M., V.C., M.F., R.F., R.G., G.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BFabiano%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Fabiano%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BFabiano%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Garaci </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.S., S.F., F.G., S.M., A.M., V.C., M.F., R.F., R.G., G.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BGaraci%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Garaci%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BGaraci%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Marziali </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.S., S.F., F.G., S.M., A.M., V.C., M.F., R.F., R.G., G.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BMarziali%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Marziali%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BMarziali%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Meschini </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.S., S.F., F.G., S.M., A.M., V.C., M.F., R.F., R.G., G.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BMeschini%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Meschini%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BMeschini%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">V. Cama </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.S., S.F., F.G., S.M., A.M., V.C., M.F., R.F., R.G., G.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V.%2BCama%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cama%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AV.%2BCama%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Fornari </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.S., S.F., F.G., S.M., A.M., V.C., M.F., R.F., R.G., G.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BFornari%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Fornari%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BFornari%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Rossi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neuroscience (S.R., D.C.), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Santa Lucia Foundation/European Center for Brain Research (CERC) (S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BRossi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Rossi%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BRossi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Centonze </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neuroscience (S.R., D.C.), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Santa Lucia Foundation/European Center for Brain Research (CERC) (S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BCentonze%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Centonze%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BCentonze%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Gandini </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.S., S.F., F.G., S.M., A.M., V.C., M.F., R.F., R.G., G.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BGandini%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gandini%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BGandini%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G. Simonetti </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.S., S.F., F.G., S.M., A.M., V.C., M.F., R.F., R.G., G.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.%2BSimonetti%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Simonetti%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.%2BSimonetti%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Floris </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.S., S.F., F.G., S.M., A.M., V.C., M.F., R.F., R.G., G.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BFloris%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Floris%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BFloris%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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<p id="p-2"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Hypothetical correlation between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MS has gained the attention of patients and the scientific community. Studies performed by echo-color Doppler ultrasonography have shown different results, and it is necessary to use more objective diagnostic techniques. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of stenoses affecting azygos veins and internal jugular veins by use of venography in patients with MS.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> We recruited 2 groups of subjects who underwent venography: the study group included 29 patients with MS and the control group included 15 healthy volunteers. The ileo-lumbar plexus, the azygos, and the internal jugular veins were selectively catheterized. We considered any cross-sectional area reduction of the venous lumen &gt;50% to be a significant stenosis. Furthermore, blood pressure was measured in the studied vessels at the stenotic internal jugular veins.</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Selective venography showed at least 1 significant venous stenosis in 84% of subjects examined, without significant difference between the study group and the control group. Positive venography chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency patterns were found in 50% of all subjects examined, without any significant difference between the 2 groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis failed to assess any significant association between the presence of a positive venography and MS condition. The difference between the median blood pressure of stenotic and nonstenotic internal jugular veins was not statistically significant (<em>P</em> = .46).</p>
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<p id="p-5"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Our data exclude any direct correlation between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MS because venous abnormalities were equally present in both groups.</p>
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</div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2>ABBREVIATIONS:</h2>
<dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">AV<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>azygos vein<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">CCSVI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">EDSS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Expanded Disability Status Scale<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">IJV<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>internal jugular vein<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">ILP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>ileo-lumbar plexus</dd></dl>
</div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2014 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/35/6/1174.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 35</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 6 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jun 2014 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Phlebographic Study Does Not Show Differences Between Patients with MS and Control Subjects</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Stefanini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fabiano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Garaci</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Marziali</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Meschini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cama</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fornari</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rossi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Centonze</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gandini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Simonetti</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Floris</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2014, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">35 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1174-1179; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3816 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Stefanini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fabiano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Garaci</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Marziali</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Meschini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cama</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fornari</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rossi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Centonze</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gandini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Simonetti</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Floris</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2014, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">35 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1174-1179; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3816 </span></div>
  
  
  
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