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<meta name="DC.Title" content="A Prospective Longitudinal Brain Morphometry Study of Children with Sickle Cell Disease" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4101" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2015-02-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Age-related changes in brain morphology are crucial to understanding the neurobiology of sickle cell disease. We hypothesized that the growth trajectories for total GM volume, total WM volume, and regional GM volumes are altered in children with sickle cell disease compared with controls.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed T1-weighted images of the brains of 28 children with sickle cell disease (mean baseline age, 98 months; female/male ratio, 15:13) and 28 healthy age- and sex-matched controls (mean baseline age, 99 months; female/male ratio, 16:12). The total number of MR imaging examinations was 141 (2–4 for each subject with sickle cell disease, 2–3 for each control subject). Total GM volume, total WM volume, and regional GM volumes were measured by using an automated method. We used the multilevel-model-for-change approach to model growth trajectories.

RESULTS: Total GM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease decreased linearly at a rate of 411 mm3 per month. For controls, the trajectory of total GM volume was quadratic; we did not observe a significant linear decline. For subjects with sickle cell disease, we found 35 brain structures that demonstrated age-related GM volume reduction. Total WM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease increased at a rate of 452 mm3 per month, while the trajectory of controls was quadratic.

CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant age-related decrease in total GM volume in children with sickle cell disease. The GM volume reduction was spatially distributed widely across the brain, primarily in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Total WM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease increased at a lower rate than for controls.

NIHPD
:   National Institutes of Health MRI Study of Normal Brain Development
SCD
:   sickle cell disease" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Chen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Arkuszewski" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Krejza" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.A. Zimmerman" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E.H. Herskovits" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E.R. Melhem" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2015-02-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Pediatrics" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="A Prospective Longitudinal Brain Morphometry Study of Children with Sickle Cell Disease" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Age-related changes in brain morphology are crucial to understanding the neurobiology of sickle cell disease. We hypothesized that the growth trajectories for total GM volume, total WM volume, and regional GM volumes are altered in children with sickle cell disease compared with controls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We analyzed T1-weighted images of the brains of 28 children with sickle cell disease (mean baseline age, 98 months; female/male ratio, 15:13) and 28 healthy age- and sex-matched controls (mean baseline age, 99 months; female/male ratio, 16:12). The total number of MR imaging examinations was 141 (2–4 for each subject with sickle cell disease, 2–3 for each control subject). Total GM volume, total WM volume, and regional GM volumes were measured by using an automated method. We used the multilevel-model-for-change approach to model growth trajectories.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Total GM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease decreased linearly at a rate of 411 mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; per month. For controls, the trajectory of total GM volume was quadratic; we did not observe a significant linear decline. For subjects with sickle cell disease, we found 35 brain structures that demonstrated age-related GM volume reduction. Total WM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease increased at a rate of 452 mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; per month, while the trajectory of controls was quadratic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There was a significant age-related decrease in total GM volume in children with sickle cell disease. The GM volume reduction was spatially distributed widely across the brain, primarily in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Total WM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease increased at a lower rate than for controls.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="citation_issn" content="0195-6108" />
<meta name="citation_issn" content="1936-959X" />
<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4101" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="R. Chen" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.C., J.K., E.H.H., E.R.M.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dDepartment of Radiology (R.C., R.A.Z.), Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="M. Arkuszewski" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bDepartment of Neurology (M.A.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="J. Krejza" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.C., J.K., E.H.H., E.R.M.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="R.A. Zimmerman" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Radiology (R.A.Z.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="A Prospective Longitudinal Brain Morphometry Study of Children with Sickle Cell Disease" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Age-related changes in brain morphology are crucial to understanding the neurobiology of sickle cell disease. We hypothesized that the growth trajectories for total GM volume, total WM volume, and regional GM volumes are altered in children with sickle cell disease compared with controls.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed T1-weighted images of the brains of 28 children with sickle cell disease (mean baseline age, 98 months; female/male ratio, 15:13) and 28 healthy age- and sex-matched controls (mean baseline age, 99 months; female/male ratio, 16:12). The total number of MR imaging examinations was 141 (2–4 for each subject with sickle cell disease, 2–3 for each control subject). Total GM volume, total WM volume, and regional GM volumes were measured by using an automated method. We used the multilevel-model-for-change approach to model growth trajectories.

RESULTS: Total GM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease decreased linearly at a rate of 411 mm3 per month. For controls, the trajectory of total GM volume was quadratic; we did not observe a significant linear decline. For subjects with sickle cell disease, we found 35 brain structures that demonstrated age-related GM volume reduction. Total WM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease increased at a rate of 452 mm3 per month, while the trajectory of controls was quadratic.

CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant age-related decrease in total GM volume in children with sickle cell disease. The GM volume reduction was spatially distributed widely across the brain, primarily in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Total WM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease increased at a lower rate than for controls.

NIHPD
:   National Institutes of Health MRI Study of Normal Brain Development
SCD
:   sickle cell disease" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="A Prospective Longitudinal Brain Morphometry Study of Children with Sickle Cell Disease" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/2/403" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Age-related changes in brain morphology are crucial to understanding the neurobiology of sickle cell disease. We hypothesized that the growth trajectories for total GM volume, total WM volume, and regional GM volumes are altered in children with sickle cell disease compared with controls.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed T1-weighted images of the brains of 28 children with sickle cell disease (mean baseline age, 98 months; female/male ratio, 15:13) and 28 healthy age- and sex-matched controls (mean baseline age, 99 months; female/male ratio, 16:12). The total number of MR imaging examinations was 141 (2–4 for each subject with sickle cell disease, 2–3 for each control subject). Total GM volume, total WM volume, and regional GM volumes were measured by using an automated method. We used the multilevel-model-for-change approach to model growth trajectories.

RESULTS: Total GM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease decreased linearly at a rate of 411 mm3 per month. For controls, the trajectory of total GM volume was quadratic; we did not observe a significant linear decline. For subjects with sickle cell disease, we found 35 brain structures that demonstrated age-related GM volume reduction. Total WM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease increased at a rate of 452 mm3 per month, while the trajectory of controls was quadratic.

CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant age-related decrease in total GM volume in children with sickle cell disease. The GM volume reduction was spatially distributed widely across the brain, primarily in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Total WM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease increased at a lower rate than for controls.

NIHPD
:   National Institutes of Health MRI Study of Normal Brain Development
SCD
:   sickle cell disease" />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Pediatrics</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">A Prospective Longitudinal Brain Morphometry Study of Children with Sickle Cell Disease</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">R. Chen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">M. Arkuszewski</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">J. Krejza</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">R.A. Zimmerman</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">E.H. Herskovits</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">E.R. Melhem</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">February 2015,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">403-410; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4101 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-13974--61111677934" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Chen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.C., J.K., E.H.H., E.R.M.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Radiology (R.C., R.A.Z.), Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BChen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chen%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BChen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Arkuszewski </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurology (M.A.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BArkuszewski%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Arkuszewski%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BArkuszewski%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Krejza </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.C., J.K., E.H.H., E.R.M.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BKrejza%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Krejza%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BKrejza%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.A. Zimmerman </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (R.A.Z.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Radiology (R.C., R.A.Z.), Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.A.%2BZimmerman%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zimmerman%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.A.%2BZimmerman%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E.H. Herskovits </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.C., J.K., E.H.H., E.R.M.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.H.%2BHerskovits%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Herskovits%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.H.%2BHerskovits%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E.R. 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<p id="p-2"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Age-related changes in brain morphology are crucial to understanding the neurobiology of sickle cell disease. We hypothesized that the growth trajectories for total GM volume, total WM volume, and regional GM volumes are altered in children with sickle cell disease compared with controls.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> We analyzed T1-weighted images of the brains of 28 children with sickle cell disease (mean baseline age, 98 months; female/male ratio, 15:13) and 28 healthy age- and sex-matched controls (mean baseline age, 99 months; female/male ratio, 16:12). The total number of MR imaging examinations was 141 (2–4 for each subject with sickle cell disease, 2–3 for each control subject). Total GM volume, total WM volume, and regional GM volumes were measured by using an automated method. We used the multilevel-model-for-change approach to model growth trajectories.</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Total GM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease decreased linearly at a rate of 411 mm<sup>3</sup> per month. For controls, the trajectory of total GM volume was quadratic; we did not observe a significant linear decline. For subjects with sickle cell disease, we found 35 brain structures that demonstrated age-related GM volume reduction. Total WM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease increased at a rate of 452 mm<sup>3</sup> per month, while the trajectory of controls was quadratic.</p>
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<p id="p-5"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> There was a significant age-related decrease in total GM volume in children with sickle cell disease. The GM volume reduction was spatially distributed widely across the brain, primarily in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Total WM volume in subjects with sickle cell disease increased at a lower rate than for controls.</p>
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<h2 class="">ABBREVIATIONS:</h2>
<dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">NIHPD<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>National Institutes of Health MRI Study of Normal Brain Development<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">SCD<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>sickle cell disease</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2015 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/2/403.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 36</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 2 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Feb 2015 </div></div>
      
      
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