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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Fast Contrast-Enhanced 4D MRA and 4D Flow MRI Using Constrained Reconstruction (HYPRFlow): Potential Applications for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4245" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2015-06-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: HYPRFlow is a novel imaging strategy that provides fast, high-resolution contrast-enhanced time-resolved images and measurement of the velocity of the entire cerebrovascular system. Our hypothesis was that the images obtained with this strategy are of adequate diagnostic image quality to delineate the major components of AVMs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: HYPRFlow and 3D TOF scans were obtained in 21 patients with AVMs with correlative DSA examinations in 14 patients. The examinations were scored for image quality and graded by using the Spetzler-Martin criteria. Mean arterial transit time and overlap integrals were calculated from the dynamic image data. Volume flow rates in normal arteries and AVM feeding arteries were measured from the phase contrast data.

RESULTS: HYPRFlow was equivalent to 3D-TOF in delineating normal arterial anatomy, arterial feeders, and nidus size and was concordant with DSA for AVM grading and venous drainage in 13 of the 14 examinations. Mean arterial transit time on the AVM side was 0.49 seconds, and on the normal contralateral side, 2.53 seconds with P &lt; .001. Across all 21 subjects, the mean arterial volume flow rate in the M1 segment ipsilateral to the AVM was 4.07 ± 3.04 mL/s; on the contralateral M1 segment, it was 2.09 ± 0.64 mL/s. The mean volume flow rate in the largest feeding artery to the AVM was 3.86 ± 2.74 mL/s.

CONCLUSIONS: HYPRFlow provides an alternative approach to the MRA evaluation of AVMs, with the advantages of increased coverage, 0.75-second temporal resolution, 0.68-mm isotropic spatial resolution, and quantitative measurement of flow in 6 minutes.

CE-VIPR
:   contract-enhanced time-resolved vastly undersampled isotropic radial projection reconstruction
HYPR LR
:   highly constrained projection reconstruction using a local reconstruction convolution kernel
PC-VIPR
:   phase-contrast MRA using vastly undersampled isotropic radial projection reconstruction
HYPRFlow
:   highly constrained projection reconstruction using PC-VIPR flow images for the constraint" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W. Chang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Wu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Johnson" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Loecher" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="O. Wieben" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Edjlali" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Oppenheim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Roca" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Hald" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Aagaard-Kienitz" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Niemann" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Mistretta" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Turski" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2015-06-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Fast Contrast-Enhanced 4D MRA and 4D Flow MRI Using Constrained Reconstruction (HYPRFlow): Potential Applications for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HYPRFlow is a novel imaging strategy that provides fast, high-resolution contrast-enhanced time-resolved images and measurement of the velocity of the entire cerebrovascular system. Our hypothesis was that the images obtained with this strategy are of adequate diagnostic image quality to delineate the major components of AVMs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HYPRFlow and 3D TOF scans were obtained in 21 patients with AVMs with correlative DSA examinations in 14 patients. The examinations were scored for image quality and graded by using the Spetzler-Martin criteria. Mean arterial transit time and overlap integrals were calculated from the dynamic image data. Volume flow rates in normal arteries and AVM feeding arteries were measured from the phase contrast data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HYPRFlow was equivalent to 3D-TOF in delineating normal arterial anatomy, arterial feeders, and nidus size and was concordant with DSA for AVM grading and venous drainage in 13 of the 14 examinations. Mean arterial transit time on the AVM side was 0.49 seconds, and on the normal contralateral side, 2.53 seconds with &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001. Across all 21 subjects, the mean arterial volume flow rate in the M1 segment ipsilateral to the AVM was 4.07 ± 3.04 mL/s; on the contralateral M1 segment, it was 2.09 ± 0.64 mL/s. The mean volume flow rate in the largest feeding artery to the AVM was 3.86 ± 2.74 mL/s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HYPRFlow provides an alternative approach to the MRA evaluation of AVMs, with the advantages of increased coverage, 0.75-second temporal resolution, 0.68-mm isotropic spatial resolution, and quantitative measurement of flow in 6 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Fast Contrast-Enhanced 4D MRA and 4D Flow MRI Using Constrained Reconstruction (HYPRFlow): Potential Applications for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: HYPRFlow is a novel imaging strategy that provides fast, high-resolution contrast-enhanced time-resolved images and measurement of the velocity of the entire cerebrovascular system. Our hypothesis was that the images obtained with this strategy are of adequate diagnostic image quality to delineate the major components of AVMs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: HYPRFlow and 3D TOF scans were obtained in 21 patients with AVMs with correlative DSA examinations in 14 patients. The examinations were scored for image quality and graded by using the Spetzler-Martin criteria. Mean arterial transit time and overlap integrals were calculated from the dynamic image data. Volume flow rates in normal arteries and AVM feeding arteries were measured from the phase contrast data.

RESULTS: HYPRFlow was equivalent to 3D-TOF in delineating normal arterial anatomy, arterial feeders, and nidus size and was concordant with DSA for AVM grading and venous drainage in 13 of the 14 examinations. Mean arterial transit time on the AVM side was 0.49 seconds, and on the normal contralateral side, 2.53 seconds with P &lt; .001. Across all 21 subjects, the mean arterial volume flow rate in the M1 segment ipsilateral to the AVM was 4.07 ± 3.04 mL/s; on the contralateral M1 segment, it was 2.09 ± 0.64 mL/s. The mean volume flow rate in the largest feeding artery to the AVM was 3.86 ± 2.74 mL/s.

CONCLUSIONS: HYPRFlow provides an alternative approach to the MRA evaluation of AVMs, with the advantages of increased coverage, 0.75-second temporal resolution, 0.68-mm isotropic spatial resolution, and quantitative measurement of flow in 6 minutes.

CE-VIPR
:   contract-enhanced time-resolved vastly undersampled isotropic radial projection reconstruction
HYPR LR
:   highly constrained projection reconstruction using a local reconstruction convolution kernel
PC-VIPR
:   phase-contrast MRA using vastly undersampled isotropic radial projection reconstruction
HYPRFlow
:   highly constrained projection reconstruction using PC-VIPR flow images for the constraint" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Fast Contrast-Enhanced 4D MRA and 4D Flow MRI Using Constrained Reconstruction (HYPRFlow): Potential Applications for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations" />
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<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: HYPRFlow is a novel imaging strategy that provides fast, high-resolution contrast-enhanced time-resolved images and measurement of the velocity of the entire cerebrovascular system. Our hypothesis was that the images obtained with this strategy are of adequate diagnostic image quality to delineate the major components of AVMs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: HYPRFlow and 3D TOF scans were obtained in 21 patients with AVMs with correlative DSA examinations in 14 patients. The examinations were scored for image quality and graded by using the Spetzler-Martin criteria. Mean arterial transit time and overlap integrals were calculated from the dynamic image data. Volume flow rates in normal arteries and AVM feeding arteries were measured from the phase contrast data.

RESULTS: HYPRFlow was equivalent to 3D-TOF in delineating normal arterial anatomy, arterial feeders, and nidus size and was concordant with DSA for AVM grading and venous drainage in 13 of the 14 examinations. Mean arterial transit time on the AVM side was 0.49 seconds, and on the normal contralateral side, 2.53 seconds with P &lt; .001. Across all 21 subjects, the mean arterial volume flow rate in the M1 segment ipsilateral to the AVM was 4.07 ± 3.04 mL/s; on the contralateral M1 segment, it was 2.09 ± 0.64 mL/s. The mean volume flow rate in the largest feeding artery to the AVM was 3.86 ± 2.74 mL/s.

CONCLUSIONS: HYPRFlow provides an alternative approach to the MRA evaluation of AVMs, with the advantages of increased coverage, 0.75-second temporal resolution, 0.68-mm isotropic spatial resolution, and quantitative measurement of flow in 6 minutes.

CE-VIPR
:   contract-enhanced time-resolved vastly undersampled isotropic radial projection reconstruction
HYPR LR
:   highly constrained projection reconstruction using a local reconstruction convolution kernel
PC-VIPR
:   phase-contrast MRA using vastly undersampled isotropic radial projection reconstruction
HYPRFlow
:   highly constrained projection reconstruction using PC-VIPR flow images for the constraint" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node13918--5" data-node-nid="13918" id="top-node-13918--6233474172" data-pisa="ajnr;36/6/1049" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A4245" data-apath="/ajnr/36/6/1049.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Brain</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Fast Contrast-Enhanced 4D MRA and 4D Flow MRI Using Constrained Reconstruction (HYPRFlow): Potential Applications for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">W. Chang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Y. Wu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">K. Johnson</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">M. Loecher</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">O. Wieben</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">M. Edjlali</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">C. Oppenheim</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">P. Roca</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">J. Hald</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">B. Aagaard-Kienitz</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">D. Niemann</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">C. Mistretta</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">P. Turski</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">June 2015,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1049-1055; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4245 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-13918--6233474172" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">W. Chang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (W.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=W.%2BChang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chang%20W&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AW.%2BChang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Wu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Medical Physics (Y.W., K.J., M.L., O.W., C.M.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BWu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wu%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BWu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K. Johnson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Medical Physics (Y.W., K.J., M.L., O.W., C.M.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BJohnson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Johnson%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BJohnson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Loecher </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Medical Physics (Y.W., K.J., M.L., O.W., C.M.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BLoecher%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Loecher%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BLoecher%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">O. Wieben </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Medical Physics (Y.W., K.J., M.L., O.W., C.M.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=O.%2BWieben%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wieben%20O&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AO.%2BWieben%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Edjlali </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Radiology (M.E., C.O., P.R.), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BEdjlali%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Edjlali%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BEdjlali%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Oppenheim </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Radiology (M.E., C.O., P.R.), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BOppenheim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Oppenheim%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BOppenheim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Roca </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Radiology (M.E., C.O., P.R.), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BRoca%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Roca%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BRoca%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Hald </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Radiology (J.H.), Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BHald%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hald%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BHald%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B. 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Mistretta </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Medical Physics (Y.W., K.J., M.L., O.W., C.M.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BMistretta%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mistretta%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BMistretta%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article abstract-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1"><h2>Abstract</h2><div id="sec-1" class="subsection"><p id="p-2"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> HYPRFlow is a novel imaging strategy that provides fast, high-resolution contrast-enhanced time-resolved images and measurement of the velocity of the entire cerebrovascular system. Our hypothesis was that the images obtained with this strategy are of adequate diagnostic image quality to delineate the major components of AVMs.</p></div><div id="sec-2" class="subsection"><p id="p-3"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> HYPRFlow and 3D TOF scans were obtained in 21 patients with AVMs with correlative DSA examinations in 14 patients. The examinations were scored for image quality and graded by using the Spetzler-Martin criteria. Mean arterial transit time and overlap integrals were calculated from the dynamic image data. Volume flow rates in normal arteries and AVM feeding arteries were measured from the phase contrast data.</p></div><div id="sec-3" class="subsection"><p id="p-4"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> HYPRFlow was equivalent to 3D-TOF in delineating normal arterial anatomy, arterial feeders, and nidus size and was concordant with DSA for AVM grading and venous drainage in 13 of the 14 examinations. Mean arterial transit time on the AVM side was 0.49 seconds, and on the normal contralateral side, 2.53 seconds with <em>P</em> &lt; .001. Across all 21 subjects, the mean arterial volume flow rate in the M1 segment ipsilateral to the AVM was 4.07 ± 3.04 mL/s; on the contralateral M1 segment, it was 2.09 ± 0.64 mL/s. The mean volume flow rate in the largest feeding artery to the AVM was 3.86 ± 2.74 mL/s.</p></div><div id="sec-4" class="subsection"><p id="p-5"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> HYPRFlow provides an alternative approach to the MRA evaluation of AVMs, with the advantages of increased coverage, 0.75-second temporal resolution, 0.68-mm isotropic spatial resolution, and quantitative measurement of flow in 6 minutes.</p></div></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2 class="">ABBREVIATIONS:</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">CE-VIPR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>contract-enhanced time-resolved vastly undersampled isotropic radial projection reconstruction<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">HYPR LR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>highly constrained projection reconstruction using a local reconstruction convolution kernel<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">PC-VIPR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>phase-contrast MRA using vastly undersampled isotropic radial projection reconstruction<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">HYPRFlow<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>highly constrained projection reconstruction using PC-VIPR flow images for the constraint</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2015 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org" rel="license">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/6/1049.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 36</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 6 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jun 2015 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Fast Contrast-Enhanced 4D MRA and 4D Flow MRI Using Constrained Reconstruction (HYPRFlow): Potential Applications for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Johnson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Loecher</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">O.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wieben</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Edjlali</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Oppenheim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Roca</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hald</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Aagaard-Kienitz</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Niemann</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mistretta</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Turski</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2015, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1049-1055; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4245 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Fast Contrast-Enhanced 4D MRA and 4D Flow MRI Using Constrained Reconstruction (HYPRFlow): Potential Applications for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Johnson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Loecher</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">O.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wieben</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Edjlali</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Oppenheim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Roca</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hald</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Aagaard-Kienitz</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Niemann</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mistretta</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Turski</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2015, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1049-1055; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4245 </span></div>
  
  
  
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