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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Repeatability of Standardized and Normalized Relative CBV in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4374" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2015-09-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2015 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For more widespread clinical use advanced imaging methods such as relative cerebral blood volume must be both accurate and repeatable. The aim of this study was to determine the repeatability of relative CBV measurements in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme by using several of the most commonly published estimation techniques.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relative CBV estimates were calculated from dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging in double-baseline examinations for 33 patients with treatment-naïve and pathologically proved glioblastoma multiforme (men = 20; mean age = 55 years). Normalized and standardized relative CBV were calculated by using 6 common postprocessing methods. The repeatability of both normalized and standardized relative CBV, in both tumor and contralateral brain, was examined for each method with metrics of repeatability, including the repeatability coefficient and within-subject coefficient of variation. The minimum sample size required to detect a parameter change of 10% or 20% was also determined for both normalized relative CBV and standardized relative CBV for each estimation method.

RESULTS: When ordered by the repeatability coefficient, methods using postprocessing leakage correction and ΔR2*(t) techniques offered superior repeatability. Across processing techniques, the standardized relative CBV repeatability in normal-appearing brain was comparable with that in tumor ( P = .31), yet inferior in tumor for normalized relative CBV ( P = .03). On the basis of the within-subject coefficient of variation, tumor standardized relative CBV estimates were less variable (13%–20%) than normalized relative CBV estimates (24%–67%). The minimum number of participants needed to detect a change of 10% or 20% is 118–643 or 30–161 for normalized relative CBV and 109–215 or 28–54 for standardized relative CBV.

CONCLUSIONS: The ΔR2* estimation methods that incorporate leakage correction offer the best repeatability for relative CBV, with standardized relative CBV being less variable and requiring fewer participants to detect a change compared with normalized relative CBV.

nRCBV
:   normalized relative CBV
RC
:   repeatability coefficient
rCBV
:   relative CBV
sRCBV
:   standardized relative CBV
wCV
:   within-subject coefficient of variation" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.A. Prah" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.M. Stufflebeam" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E.S. Paulson" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Kalpathy-Cramer" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E.R. Gerstner" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.T. Batchelor" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.P. Barboriak" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B.R. Rosen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K.M. Schmainda" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2015-09-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="ADULT BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Repeatability of Standardized and Normalized Relative CBV in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more widespread clinical use advanced imaging methods such as relative cerebral blood volume must be both accurate and repeatable. The aim of this study was to determine the repeatability of relative CBV measurements in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme by using several of the most commonly published estimation techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The relative CBV estimates were calculated from dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging in double-baseline examinations for 33 patients with treatment-naïve and pathologically proved glioblastoma multiforme (men = 20; mean age = 55 years). Normalized and standardized relative CBV were calculated by using 6 common postprocessing methods. The repeatability of both normalized and standardized relative CBV, in both tumor and contralateral brain, was examined for each method with metrics of repeatability, including the repeatability coefficient and within-subject coefficient of variation. The minimum sample size required to detect a parameter change of 10% or 20% was also determined for both normalized relative CBV and standardized relative CBV for each estimation method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When ordered by the repeatability coefficient, methods using postprocessing leakage correction and ΔR2*(t) techniques offered superior repeatability. Across processing techniques, the standardized relative CBV repeatability in normal-appearing brain was comparable with that in tumor (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .31), yet inferior in tumor for normalized relative CBV (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .03). On the basis of the within-subject coefficient of variation, tumor standardized relative CBV estimates were less variable (13%–20%) than normalized relative CBV estimates (24%–67%). The minimum number of participants needed to detect a change of 10% or 20% is 118–643 or 30–161 for normalized relative CBV and 109–215 or 28–54 for standardized relative CBV.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The ΔR2* estimation methods that incorporate leakage correction offer the best repeatability for relative CBV, with standardized relative CBV being less variable and requiring fewer participants to detect a change compared with normalized relative CBV.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2015/09/01" />
<meta name="citation_mjid" content="ajnr;36/9/1654" />
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<meta name="citation_issn" content="0195-6108" />
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<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4374" />
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<meta name="citation_volume" content="36" />
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<meta name="citation_section" content="ADULT BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1654" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="M.A. Prah" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Departments of Radiology (M.A.P., K.M.S., E.S.P.)" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="S.M. Stufflebeam" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Radiology (S.M.S., J.K.-C., E.R.G., T.T.B., B.R.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="E.S. Paulson" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Departments of Radiology (M.A.P., K.M.S., E.S.P.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bRadiation Oncology (E.S.P.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin" />
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<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Radiology (S.M.S., J.K.-C., E.R.G., T.T.B., B.R.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Repeatability of Standardized and Normalized Relative CBV in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For more widespread clinical use advanced imaging methods such as relative cerebral blood volume must be both accurate and repeatable. The aim of this study was to determine the repeatability of relative CBV measurements in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme by using several of the most commonly published estimation techniques.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relative CBV estimates were calculated from dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging in double-baseline examinations for 33 patients with treatment-naïve and pathologically proved glioblastoma multiforme (men = 20; mean age = 55 years). Normalized and standardized relative CBV were calculated by using 6 common postprocessing methods. The repeatability of both normalized and standardized relative CBV, in both tumor and contralateral brain, was examined for each method with metrics of repeatability, including the repeatability coefficient and within-subject coefficient of variation. The minimum sample size required to detect a parameter change of 10% or 20% was also determined for both normalized relative CBV and standardized relative CBV for each estimation method.

RESULTS: When ordered by the repeatability coefficient, methods using postprocessing leakage correction and ΔR2*(t) techniques offered superior repeatability. Across processing techniques, the standardized relative CBV repeatability in normal-appearing brain was comparable with that in tumor ( P = .31), yet inferior in tumor for normalized relative CBV ( P = .03). On the basis of the within-subject coefficient of variation, tumor standardized relative CBV estimates were less variable (13%–20%) than normalized relative CBV estimates (24%–67%). The minimum number of participants needed to detect a change of 10% or 20% is 118–643 or 30–161 for normalized relative CBV and 109–215 or 28–54 for standardized relative CBV.

CONCLUSIONS: The ΔR2* estimation methods that incorporate leakage correction offer the best repeatability for relative CBV, with standardized relative CBV being less variable and requiring fewer participants to detect a change compared with normalized relative CBV.

nRCBV
:   normalized relative CBV
RC
:   repeatability coefficient
rCBV
:   relative CBV
sRCBV
:   standardized relative CBV
wCV
:   within-subject coefficient of variation" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Repeatability of Standardized and Normalized Relative CBV in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/9/1654" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For more widespread clinical use advanced imaging methods such as relative cerebral blood volume must be both accurate and repeatable. The aim of this study was to determine the repeatability of relative CBV measurements in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme by using several of the most commonly published estimation techniques.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relative CBV estimates were calculated from dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging in double-baseline examinations for 33 patients with treatment-naïve and pathologically proved glioblastoma multiforme (men = 20; mean age = 55 years). Normalized and standardized relative CBV were calculated by using 6 common postprocessing methods. The repeatability of both normalized and standardized relative CBV, in both tumor and contralateral brain, was examined for each method with metrics of repeatability, including the repeatability coefficient and within-subject coefficient of variation. The minimum sample size required to detect a parameter change of 10% or 20% was also determined for both normalized relative CBV and standardized relative CBV for each estimation method.

RESULTS: When ordered by the repeatability coefficient, methods using postprocessing leakage correction and ΔR2*(t) techniques offered superior repeatability. Across processing techniques, the standardized relative CBV repeatability in normal-appearing brain was comparable with that in tumor ( P = .31), yet inferior in tumor for normalized relative CBV ( P = .03). On the basis of the within-subject coefficient of variation, tumor standardized relative CBV estimates were less variable (13%–20%) than normalized relative CBV estimates (24%–67%). The minimum number of participants needed to detect a change of 10% or 20% is 118–643 or 30–161 for normalized relative CBV and 109–215 or 28–54 for standardized relative CBV.

CONCLUSIONS: The ΔR2* estimation methods that incorporate leakage correction offer the best repeatability for relative CBV, with standardized relative CBV being less variable and requiring fewer participants to detect a change compared with normalized relative CBV.

nRCBV
:   normalized relative CBV
RC
:   repeatability coefficient
rCBV
:   relative CBV
sRCBV
:   standardized relative CBV
wCV
:   within-subject coefficient of variation" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node14168--5" data-node-nid="14168" id="top-node-14168--61757464530" data-pisa="ajnr;36/9/1654" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A4374" data-apath="/ajnr/36/9/1654.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">ADULT BRAIN</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Repeatability of Standardized and Normalized Relative CBV in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">M.A. Prah</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">S.M. Stufflebeam</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">E.S. Paulson</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">J. Kalpathy-Cramer</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">E.R. Gerstner</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">T.T. Batchelor</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">D.P. Barboriak</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">B.R. Rosen</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">K.M. Schmainda</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">September 2015,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(9) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1654-1661; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4374 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-14168--61757464530" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.A. Prah </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (M.A.P., K.M.S., E.S.P.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.A.%2BPrah%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Prah%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.A.%2BPrah%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.M. Stufflebeam </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (S.M.S., J.K.-C., E.R.G., T.T.B., B.R.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.M.%2BStufflebeam%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Stufflebeam%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.M.%2BStufflebeam%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E.S. Paulson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (M.A.P., K.M.S., E.S.P.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Radiation Oncology (E.S.P.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.S.%2BPaulson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Paulson%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.S.%2BPaulson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Kalpathy-Cramer </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (S.M.S., J.K.-C., E.R.G., T.T.B., B.R.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BKalpathy-Cramer%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kalpathy-Cramer%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BKalpathy-Cramer%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E.R. Gerstner </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (S.M.S., J.K.-C., E.R.G., T.T.B., B.R.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.R.%2BGerstner%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gerstner%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.R.%2BGerstner%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.T. Batchelor </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (S.M.S., J.K.-C., E.R.G., T.T.B., B.R.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.T.%2BBatchelor%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Batchelor%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.T.%2BBatchelor%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D.P. Barboriak </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.P.%2BBarboriak%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Barboriak%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.P.%2BBarboriak%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B.R. Rosen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (S.M.S., J.K.-C., E.R.G., T.T.B., B.R.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.R.%2BRosen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Rosen%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.R.%2BRosen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K.M. Schmainda </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (M.A.P., K.M.S., E.S.P.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.M.%2BSchmainda%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Schmainda%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.M.%2BSchmainda%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article abstract-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-2"><h2>Abstract</h2><div id="sec-1" class="subsection"><p id="p-3"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> For more widespread clinical use advanced imaging methods such as relative cerebral blood volume must be both accurate and repeatable. The aim of this study was to determine the repeatability of relative CBV measurements in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme by using several of the most commonly published estimation techniques.</p></div><div id="sec-2" class="subsection"><p id="p-4"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> The relative CBV estimates were calculated from dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging in double-baseline examinations for 33 patients with treatment-naïve and pathologically proved glioblastoma multiforme (men = 20; mean age = 55 years). Normalized and standardized relative CBV were calculated by using 6 common postprocessing methods. The repeatability of both normalized and standardized relative CBV, in both tumor and contralateral brain, was examined for each method with metrics of repeatability, including the repeatability coefficient and within-subject coefficient of variation. The minimum sample size required to detect a parameter change of 10% or 20% was also determined for both normalized relative CBV and standardized relative CBV for each estimation method.</p></div><div id="sec-3" class="subsection"><p id="p-5"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> When ordered by the repeatability coefficient, methods using postprocessing leakage correction and ΔR2*(t) techniques offered superior repeatability. Across processing techniques, the standardized relative CBV repeatability in normal-appearing brain was comparable with that in tumor (<em>P</em> = .31), yet inferior in tumor for normalized relative CBV (<em>P</em> = .03). On the basis of the within-subject coefficient of variation, tumor standardized relative CBV estimates were less variable (13%–20%) than normalized relative CBV estimates (24%–67%). The minimum number of participants needed to detect a change of 10% or 20% is 118–643 or 30–161 for normalized relative CBV and 109–215 or 28–54 for standardized relative CBV.</p></div><div id="sec-4" class="subsection"><p id="p-6"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> The ΔR2* estimation methods that incorporate leakage correction offer the best repeatability for relative CBV, with standardized relative CBV being less variable and requiring fewer participants to detect a change compared with normalized relative CBV.</p></div></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2 class="">ABBREVIATIONS:</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">nRCBV<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>normalized relative CBV<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">RC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>repeatability coefficient<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">rCBV<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>relative CBV<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">sRCBV<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>standardized relative CBV<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">wCV<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>within-subject coefficient of variation</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2015 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org" rel="license">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/9/1654.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 36</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 9 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Sep 2015 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Repeatability of Standardized and Normalized Relative CBV in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Prah</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Stufflebeam</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Paulson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kalpathy-Cramer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gerstner</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Batchelor</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Barboriak</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rosen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Schmainda</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Sep 2015, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(9) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1654-1661; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4374 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Repeatability of Standardized and Normalized Relative CBV in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Prah</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Stufflebeam</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Paulson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kalpathy-Cramer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gerstner</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Batchelor</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Barboriak</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rosen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Schmainda</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Sep 2015, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(9) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1654-1661; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4374 </span></div>
  
  
  
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