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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Quantitative MRI for Rapid and User-Independent Monitoring of Intracranial CSF Volume in Hydrocephalus" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4627" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2016-05-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2016 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quantitative MR imaging allows segmentation of different tissue types and automatic calculation of intracranial volume, CSF volume, and brain parenchymal fraction. Brain parenchymal fraction is calculated as (intracranial volume − CSF volume) / intracranial volume. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the automatic calculation of intracranial CSF volume or brain parenchymal fraction could be used as an objective method to monitor volume changes in the ventricles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A lumbar puncture with drainage of 40 mL of CSF was performed in 23 patients under evaluation for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Quantitative MR imaging was performed twice within 1 hour before the lumbar puncture and was repeated 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours afterward. For each time point, the volume of the lateral ventricles was manually segmented and total intracranial CSF volume and brain parenchymal fraction were automatically calculated by using Synthetic MR postprocessing.

RESULTS: At 30 minutes after the lumbar puncture, the volume of the lateral ventricles decreased by 5.6 ± 1.9 mL ( P &lt; .0001) and the total intracranial CSF volume decreased by 11.3 ± 5.6 mL ( P &lt; .001), while brain parenchymal fraction increased by 0.78% ± 0.41% ( P &lt; .001). Differences were significant for manual segmentation and brain parenchymal fraction even at 4 hours and 24 hours after the lumbar tap. There was a significant association using a linear mixed model between change in manually segmented ventricular volume and change in brain parenchymal fraction and total CSF volume, ( P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Brain parenchymal fraction is provided rapidly and fully automatically with Synthetic MRI and can be used to monitor ventricular volume changes. The method may be useful for objective clinical monitoring of hydrocephalus.

BPF
:   brain parenchymal fraction
CoV
:   coefficient of variation
ICV
:   intracranial volume
iNPH
:   idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
QRAPMASTER
:   quantification of relaxation times and proton attenuation by multiecho acquisition of a saturation-recovery using turbo spin-echo readout
SyMRI
:   Synthetic MR" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Virhammar" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Warntjes" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Laurell" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E.-M. Larsson" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2016-05-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="ADULT BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Quantitative MRI for Rapid and User-Independent Monitoring of Intracranial CSF Volume in Hydrocephalus" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Quantitative MR imaging allows segmentation of different tissue types and automatic calculation of intracranial volume, CSF volume, and brain parenchymal fraction. Brain parenchymal fraction is calculated as (intracranial volume − CSF volume) / intracranial volume. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the automatic calculation of intracranial CSF volume or brain parenchymal fraction could be used as an objective method to monitor volume changes in the ventricles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A lumbar puncture with drainage of 40 mL of CSF was performed in 23 patients under evaluation for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Quantitative MR imaging was performed twice within 1 hour before the lumbar puncture and was repeated 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours afterward. For each time point, the volume of the lateral ventricles was manually segmented and total intracranial CSF volume and brain parenchymal fraction were automatically calculated by using Synthetic MR postprocessing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At 30 minutes after the lumbar puncture, the volume of the lateral ventricles decreased by 5.6 ± 1.9 mL (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .0001) and the total intracranial CSF volume decreased by 11.3 ± 5.6 mL (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001), while brain parenchymal fraction increased by 0.78% ± 0.41% (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001). Differences were significant for manual segmentation and brain parenchymal fraction even at 4 hours and 24 hours after the lumbar tap. There was a significant association using a linear mixed model between change in manually segmented ventricular volume and change in brain parenchymal fraction and total CSF volume, (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .0001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Brain parenchymal fraction is provided rapidly and fully automatically with Synthetic MRI and can be used to monitor ventricular volume changes. The method may be useful for objective clinical monitoring of hydrocephalus.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Quantitative MRI for Rapid and User-Independent Monitoring of Intracranial CSF Volume in Hydrocephalus" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quantitative MR imaging allows segmentation of different tissue types and automatic calculation of intracranial volume, CSF volume, and brain parenchymal fraction. Brain parenchymal fraction is calculated as (intracranial volume − CSF volume) / intracranial volume. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the automatic calculation of intracranial CSF volume or brain parenchymal fraction could be used as an objective method to monitor volume changes in the ventricles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A lumbar puncture with drainage of 40 mL of CSF was performed in 23 patients under evaluation for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Quantitative MR imaging was performed twice within 1 hour before the lumbar puncture and was repeated 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours afterward. For each time point, the volume of the lateral ventricles was manually segmented and total intracranial CSF volume and brain parenchymal fraction were automatically calculated by using Synthetic MR postprocessing.

RESULTS: At 30 minutes after the lumbar puncture, the volume of the lateral ventricles decreased by 5.6 ± 1.9 mL ( P &lt; .0001) and the total intracranial CSF volume decreased by 11.3 ± 5.6 mL ( P &lt; .001), while brain parenchymal fraction increased by 0.78% ± 0.41% ( P &lt; .001). Differences were significant for manual segmentation and brain parenchymal fraction even at 4 hours and 24 hours after the lumbar tap. There was a significant association using a linear mixed model between change in manually segmented ventricular volume and change in brain parenchymal fraction and total CSF volume, ( P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Brain parenchymal fraction is provided rapidly and fully automatically with Synthetic MRI and can be used to monitor ventricular volume changes. The method may be useful for objective clinical monitoring of hydrocephalus.

BPF
:   brain parenchymal fraction
CoV
:   coefficient of variation
ICV
:   intracranial volume
iNPH
:   idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
QRAPMASTER
:   quantification of relaxation times and proton attenuation by multiecho acquisition of a saturation-recovery using turbo spin-echo readout
SyMRI
:   Synthetic MR" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Quantitative MRI for Rapid and User-Independent Monitoring of Intracranial CSF Volume in Hydrocephalus" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/37/5/797" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quantitative MR imaging allows segmentation of different tissue types and automatic calculation of intracranial volume, CSF volume, and brain parenchymal fraction. Brain parenchymal fraction is calculated as (intracranial volume − CSF volume) / intracranial volume. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the automatic calculation of intracranial CSF volume or brain parenchymal fraction could be used as an objective method to monitor volume changes in the ventricles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A lumbar puncture with drainage of 40 mL of CSF was performed in 23 patients under evaluation for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Quantitative MR imaging was performed twice within 1 hour before the lumbar puncture and was repeated 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours afterward. For each time point, the volume of the lateral ventricles was manually segmented and total intracranial CSF volume and brain parenchymal fraction were automatically calculated by using Synthetic MR postprocessing.

RESULTS: At 30 minutes after the lumbar puncture, the volume of the lateral ventricles decreased by 5.6 ± 1.9 mL ( P &lt; .0001) and the total intracranial CSF volume decreased by 11.3 ± 5.6 mL ( P &lt; .001), while brain parenchymal fraction increased by 0.78% ± 0.41% ( P &lt; .001). Differences were significant for manual segmentation and brain parenchymal fraction even at 4 hours and 24 hours after the lumbar tap. There was a significant association using a linear mixed model between change in manually segmented ventricular volume and change in brain parenchymal fraction and total CSF volume, ( P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Brain parenchymal fraction is provided rapidly and fully automatically with Synthetic MRI and can be used to monitor ventricular volume changes. The method may be useful for objective clinical monitoring of hydrocephalus.

BPF
:   brain parenchymal fraction
CoV
:   coefficient of variation
ICV
:   intracranial volume
iNPH
:   idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
QRAPMASTER
:   quantification of relaxation times and proton attenuation by multiecho acquisition of a saturation-recovery using turbo spin-echo readout
SyMRI
:   Synthetic MR" />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">ADULT BRAIN</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Quantitative MRI for Rapid and User-Independent Monitoring of Intracranial CSF Volume in Hydrocephalus</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">J. Virhammar</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">M. Warntjes</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">K. Laurell</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">E.-M. Larsson</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2016,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">37 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">797-801; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4627 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-14515--61150996449" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Virhammar </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Neuroscience, Neurology (J.V.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BVirhammar%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Virhammar%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BVirhammar%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9901-2949" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. 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Warntjes </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Center for Medical Imaging Science and Visualization (M.W.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>SyntheticMR (M.W.), Linköping, Sweden</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BWarntjes%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Warntjes%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BWarntjes%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3037-4201" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. 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Laurell </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (K.L.), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BLaurell%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Laurell%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BLaurell%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-8354" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K. 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Larsson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Surgical Sciences, Radiology (E.-M.L.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.-M.%2BLarsson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Larsson%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.-M.%2BLarsson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-1387" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for E.-M. 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