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<meta name="DC.Title" content="3D Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin-Labeling MR Imaging in the Preoperative Evaluation of Gliomas" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5299" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2017-10-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies showed conflicting results concerning the value of CBF maps obtained from arterial spin-labeling MR imaging in grading gliomas. This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of CBF maps derived from 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling in preoperatively assessing the grade, cellular proliferation, and prognosis of gliomas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with pathologically confirmed gliomas underwent preoperative 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling. The receiver operating characteristic curves for parameters to distinguish high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas were generated. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation among parameters. Survival analysis was conducted with Cox regression.

RESULTS: Both maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF were significantly higher in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade gliomas ( P &lt; .001). The areas under the curve for maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF in distinguishing high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas were 0.828 and 0.863, respectively. Both maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF had no correlation with the Ki-67 index in all subjects and had a moderate negative correlation with the Ki-67 index in glioblastomas ( r = −0.475, −0.534, respectively). After adjustment for age, a higher maximum CBF ( P = .008) and higher maximum relative CBF ( P = .005) were associated with worse progression-free survival in gliomas, while a higher maximum relative CBF ( P = .033) was associated with better overall survival in glioblastomas.

CONCLUSIONS: 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling–derived CBF maps are effective in preoperative evaluation of gliomas. Although gliomas with a higher blood flow are more malignant, glioblastomas with a lower blood flow are likely to be more aggressive.

ASL
:   arterial spin-labeling
CASL
:   continuous ASL
GBM
:   glioblastoma
HGG
:   high-grade glioma
HR
:   hazard ratio
KPS
:   Karnofsky Performance Scale
LGG
:   low-grade glioma
max
:   maximum
OS
:   overall survival
pCASL
:   pseudocontinuous ASL
PFS
:   progression-free survival
ROC
:   receiver operating characteristic
WHO
:   World Health Organization" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Q. Zeng" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Jiang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Shi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Ling" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Dong" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Zhang" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2017-10-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Adult Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="3D Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin-Labeling MR Imaging in the Preoperative Evaluation of Gliomas" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Previous studies showed conflicting results concerning the value of CBF maps obtained from arterial spin-labeling MR imaging in grading gliomas. This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of CBF maps derived from 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling in preoperatively assessing the grade, cellular proliferation, and prognosis of gliomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fifty-eight patients with pathologically confirmed gliomas underwent preoperative 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling. The receiver operating characteristic curves for parameters to distinguish high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas were generated. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation among parameters. Survival analysis was conducted with Cox regression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Both maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF were significantly higher in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade gliomas (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001). The areas under the curve for maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF in distinguishing high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas were 0.828 and 0.863, respectively. Both maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF had no correlation with the Ki-67 index in all subjects and had a moderate negative correlation with the Ki-67 index in glioblastomas (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = −0.475, −0.534, respectively). After adjustment for age, a higher maximum CBF (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .008) and higher maximum relative CBF (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .005) were associated with worse progression-free survival in gliomas, while a higher maximum relative CBF (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .033) was associated with better overall survival in glioblastomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling–derived CBF maps are effective in preoperative evaluation of gliomas. Although gliomas with a higher blood flow are more malignant, glioblastomas with a lower blood flow are likely to be more aggressive.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="3D Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin-Labeling MR Imaging in the Preoperative Evaluation of Gliomas" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies showed conflicting results concerning the value of CBF maps obtained from arterial spin-labeling MR imaging in grading gliomas. This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of CBF maps derived from 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling in preoperatively assessing the grade, cellular proliferation, and prognosis of gliomas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with pathologically confirmed gliomas underwent preoperative 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling. The receiver operating characteristic curves for parameters to distinguish high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas were generated. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation among parameters. Survival analysis was conducted with Cox regression.

RESULTS: Both maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF were significantly higher in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade gliomas ( P &lt; .001). The areas under the curve for maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF in distinguishing high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas were 0.828 and 0.863, respectively. Both maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF had no correlation with the Ki-67 index in all subjects and had a moderate negative correlation with the Ki-67 index in glioblastomas ( r = −0.475, −0.534, respectively). After adjustment for age, a higher maximum CBF ( P = .008) and higher maximum relative CBF ( P = .005) were associated with worse progression-free survival in gliomas, while a higher maximum relative CBF ( P = .033) was associated with better overall survival in glioblastomas.

CONCLUSIONS: 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling–derived CBF maps are effective in preoperative evaluation of gliomas. Although gliomas with a higher blood flow are more malignant, glioblastomas with a lower blood flow are likely to be more aggressive.

ASL
:   arterial spin-labeling
CASL
:   continuous ASL
GBM
:   glioblastoma
HGG
:   high-grade glioma
HR
:   hazard ratio
KPS
:   Karnofsky Performance Scale
LGG
:   low-grade glioma
max
:   maximum
OS
:   overall survival
pCASL
:   pseudocontinuous ASL
PFS
:   progression-free survival
ROC
:   receiver operating characteristic
WHO
:   World Health Organization" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="3D Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin-Labeling MR Imaging in the Preoperative Evaluation of Gliomas" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/10/1876" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies showed conflicting results concerning the value of CBF maps obtained from arterial spin-labeling MR imaging in grading gliomas. This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of CBF maps derived from 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling in preoperatively assessing the grade, cellular proliferation, and prognosis of gliomas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with pathologically confirmed gliomas underwent preoperative 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling. The receiver operating characteristic curves for parameters to distinguish high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas were generated. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation among parameters. Survival analysis was conducted with Cox regression.

RESULTS: Both maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF were significantly higher in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade gliomas ( P &lt; .001). The areas under the curve for maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF in distinguishing high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas were 0.828 and 0.863, respectively. Both maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF had no correlation with the Ki-67 index in all subjects and had a moderate negative correlation with the Ki-67 index in glioblastomas ( r = −0.475, −0.534, respectively). After adjustment for age, a higher maximum CBF ( P = .008) and higher maximum relative CBF ( P = .005) were associated with worse progression-free survival in gliomas, while a higher maximum relative CBF ( P = .033) was associated with better overall survival in glioblastomas.

CONCLUSIONS: 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling–derived CBF maps are effective in preoperative evaluation of gliomas. Although gliomas with a higher blood flow are more malignant, glioblastomas with a lower blood flow are likely to be more aggressive.

ASL
:   arterial spin-labeling
CASL
:   continuous ASL
GBM
:   glioblastoma
HGG
:   high-grade glioma
HR
:   hazard ratio
KPS
:   Karnofsky Performance Scale
LGG
:   low-grade glioma
max
:   maximum
OS
:   overall survival
pCASL
:   pseudocontinuous ASL
PFS
:   progression-free survival
ROC
:   receiver operating characteristic
WHO
:   World Health Organization" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node56257--5" data-node-nid="56257" id="top-node-56257--6854089630" data-pisa="ajnr;38/10/1876" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5299" data-apath="/ajnr/38/10/1876.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Adult Brain</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">3D Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin-Labeling MR Imaging in the Preoperative Evaluation of Gliomas</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Q. Zeng</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">B. Jiang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">F. Shi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">C. Ling</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">F. Dong</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">J. Zhang</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">October 2017,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1876-1883; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5299 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-56257--6854089630" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Q. Zeng </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Q.Z., C.L., J.Z.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Q.%2BZeng%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zeng%20Q&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AQ.%2BZeng%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6788-067X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Q. Zeng</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B. Jiang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Radiology (B.J., F.D.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.%2BJiang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jiang%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.%2BJiang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6558-3567" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for B. Jiang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Shi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Neurology (F.S.), Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BShi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Shi%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BShi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9855-5765" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F. Shi</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Ling </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Q.Z., C.L., J.Z.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BLing%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ling%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BLing%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-3563" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Ling</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Dong </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Radiology (B.J., F.D.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BDong%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dong%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BDong%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-385X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F. Dong</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Zhang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Q.Z., C.L., J.Z.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Brain Research Institute (J.Z.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science (J.Z.), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BZhang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zhang%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BZhang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-6438" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Zhang</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article abstract-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-2"><h2>Abstract</h2><div id="sec-1" class="subsection"><p id="p-3"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Previous studies showed conflicting results concerning the value of CBF maps obtained from arterial spin-labeling MR imaging in grading gliomas. This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of CBF maps derived from 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling in preoperatively assessing the grade, cellular proliferation, and prognosis of gliomas.</p></div><div id="sec-2" class="subsection"><p id="p-4"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Fifty-eight patients with pathologically confirmed gliomas underwent preoperative 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling. The receiver operating characteristic curves for parameters to distinguish high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas were generated. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation among parameters. Survival analysis was conducted with Cox regression.</p></div><div id="sec-3" class="subsection"><p id="p-5"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Both maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF were significantly higher in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade gliomas (<em>P</em> &lt; .001). The areas under the curve for maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF in distinguishing high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas were 0.828 and 0.863, respectively. Both maximum CBF and maximum relative CBF had no correlation with the Ki-67 index in all subjects and had a moderate negative correlation with the Ki-67 index in glioblastomas (<em>r</em> = −0.475, −0.534, respectively). After adjustment for age, a higher maximum CBF (<em>P</em> = .008) and higher maximum relative CBF (<em>P</em> = .005) were associated with worse progression-free survival in gliomas, while a higher maximum relative CBF (<em>P</em> = .033) was associated with better overall survival in glioblastomas.</p></div><div id="sec-4" class="subsection"><p id="p-6"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling–derived CBF maps are effective in preoperative evaluation of gliomas. Although gliomas with a higher blood flow are more malignant, glioblastomas with a lower blood flow are likely to be more aggressive.</p></div></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2 class="">ABBREVIATIONS:</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">ASL<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>arterial spin-labeling<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">CASL<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>continuous ASL<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">GBM<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>glioblastoma<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">HGG<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>high-grade glioma<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">HR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>hazard ratio<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">KPS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Karnofsky Performance Scale<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">LGG<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>low-grade glioma<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">max<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>maximum<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">OS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>overall survival<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-10">pCASL<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>pseudocontinuous ASL<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-11">PFS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>progression-free survival<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-12">ROC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>receiver operating characteristic<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-13">WHO<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>World Health Organization</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2017 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org" rel="license">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/10/1876.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 38</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 10 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Oct 2017 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Q.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zeng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jiang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ling</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dong</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhang</span></span></span></div>
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">3D Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin-Labeling MR Imaging in the Preoperative Evaluation of Gliomas</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Q.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zeng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jiang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ling</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dong</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhang</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Oct 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1876-1883; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5299 </span></div>
  
  
  
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