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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Prevalence of Traumatic Findings on Routine MRI in a Large Cohort of Professional Fighters" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5175" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2017-07-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies investigating MR imaging abnormalities among fighters have had small sample sizes. This investigation assessed a large number of fighters using the same conventional sequences on the same scanner.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional 3T MR imaging was used to assess 499 fighters (boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists) and 62 controls for nonspecific WM changes, cerebral microhemorrhage, cavum septum pellucidum, and cavum vergae. The lengths of the cavum septum pellucidum and cavum vergae and the ratio of cavum septum pellucidum to the septum pellucidum lengths were assessed.

RESULTS: The prevalence of nonspecific WM changes was similar between groups. Fighters had a prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhage (4.2% versus 0% for controls, P = .152). Fighters had a higher prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum versus controls (53.1% versus 17.7%, P &lt; .001) and cavum vergae versus controls (14.4% versus 0%, P &lt; .001). The lengths of the cavum septum pellucidum plus the cavum vergae ( P &lt; .001), cavum septum pellucidum ( P = .025), and cavum septum pellucidum to the septum pellucidum length ratio ( P = .009) were higher in fighters than in controls. The number of fights slightly correlated with cavum septum pellucidum plus cavum vergae length ( R = 0.306, P &lt; .001) and cavum septum pellucidum length ( R = 0.278, P &lt; .001). When fighters were subdivided into boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists, results were similar to those in the whole-group analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: This study assessed MR imaging findings in a large cohort demonstrating a significantly increased prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum among fighters. Although cerebral microhemorrhages were higher in fighters than in controls, this finding was not statistically significant, possibly partially due to underpowering of the study.

CMH
:   cerebral microhemorrhage
CSP
:   cavum septum pellucidum
CSPV
:   cavum septum pellucidum and vergae
CV
:   cavum vergae
NSWMC
:   nonspecific white matter change
MA
:   martial artists
MMA
:   mixed martial artists
PFBHS
:   Professional Fighters Brain Health Study" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.K. Lee" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Wu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Banks" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Bernick" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.G. Massand" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.T. Modic" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Ruggieri" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.E. Jones" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2017-07-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="ADULT BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Prevalence of Traumatic Findings on Routine MRI in a Large Cohort of Professional Fighters" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Previous studies investigating MR imaging abnormalities among fighters have had small sample sizes. This investigation assessed a large number of fighters using the same conventional sequences on the same scanner.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Conventional 3T MR imaging was used to assess 499 fighters (boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists) and 62 controls for nonspecific WM changes, cerebral microhemorrhage, cavum septum pellucidum, and cavum vergae. The lengths of the cavum septum pellucidum and cavum vergae and the ratio of cavum septum pellucidum to the septum pellucidum lengths were assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The prevalence of nonspecific WM changes was similar between groups. Fighters had a prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhage (4.2% versus 0% for controls, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .152). Fighters had a higher prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum versus controls (53.1% versus 17.7%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001) and cavum vergae versus controls (14.4% versus 0%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001). The lengths of the cavum septum pellucidum plus the cavum vergae (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001), cavum septum pellucidum (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .025), and cavum septum pellucidum to the septum pellucidum length ratio (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .009) were higher in fighters than in controls. The number of fights slightly correlated with cavum septum pellucidum plus cavum vergae length (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt; = 0.306, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001) and cavum septum pellucidum length (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt; = 0.278, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001). When fighters were subdivided into boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists, results were similar to those in the whole-group analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This study assessed MR imaging findings in a large cohort demonstrating a significantly increased prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum among fighters. Although cerebral microhemorrhages were higher in fighters than in controls, this finding was not statistically significant, possibly partially due to underpowering of the study.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Prevalence of Traumatic Findings on Routine MRI in a Large Cohort of Professional Fighters" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies investigating MR imaging abnormalities among fighters have had small sample sizes. This investigation assessed a large number of fighters using the same conventional sequences on the same scanner.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional 3T MR imaging was used to assess 499 fighters (boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists) and 62 controls for nonspecific WM changes, cerebral microhemorrhage, cavum septum pellucidum, and cavum vergae. The lengths of the cavum septum pellucidum and cavum vergae and the ratio of cavum septum pellucidum to the septum pellucidum lengths were assessed.

RESULTS: The prevalence of nonspecific WM changes was similar between groups. Fighters had a prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhage (4.2% versus 0% for controls, P = .152). Fighters had a higher prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum versus controls (53.1% versus 17.7%, P &lt; .001) and cavum vergae versus controls (14.4% versus 0%, P &lt; .001). The lengths of the cavum septum pellucidum plus the cavum vergae ( P &lt; .001), cavum septum pellucidum ( P = .025), and cavum septum pellucidum to the septum pellucidum length ratio ( P = .009) were higher in fighters than in controls. The number of fights slightly correlated with cavum septum pellucidum plus cavum vergae length ( R = 0.306, P &lt; .001) and cavum septum pellucidum length ( R = 0.278, P &lt; .001). When fighters were subdivided into boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists, results were similar to those in the whole-group analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: This study assessed MR imaging findings in a large cohort demonstrating a significantly increased prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum among fighters. Although cerebral microhemorrhages were higher in fighters than in controls, this finding was not statistically significant, possibly partially due to underpowering of the study.

CMH
:   cerebral microhemorrhage
CSP
:   cavum septum pellucidum
CSPV
:   cavum septum pellucidum and vergae
CV
:   cavum vergae
NSWMC
:   nonspecific white matter change
MA
:   martial artists
MMA
:   mixed martial artists
PFBHS
:   Professional Fighters Brain Health Study" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Prevalence of Traumatic Findings on Routine MRI in a Large Cohort of Professional Fighters" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/7/1303" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies investigating MR imaging abnormalities among fighters have had small sample sizes. This investigation assessed a large number of fighters using the same conventional sequences on the same scanner.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional 3T MR imaging was used to assess 499 fighters (boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists) and 62 controls for nonspecific WM changes, cerebral microhemorrhage, cavum septum pellucidum, and cavum vergae. The lengths of the cavum septum pellucidum and cavum vergae and the ratio of cavum septum pellucidum to the septum pellucidum lengths were assessed.

RESULTS: The prevalence of nonspecific WM changes was similar between groups. Fighters had a prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhage (4.2% versus 0% for controls, P = .152). Fighters had a higher prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum versus controls (53.1% versus 17.7%, P &lt; .001) and cavum vergae versus controls (14.4% versus 0%, P &lt; .001). The lengths of the cavum septum pellucidum plus the cavum vergae ( P &lt; .001), cavum septum pellucidum ( P = .025), and cavum septum pellucidum to the septum pellucidum length ratio ( P = .009) were higher in fighters than in controls. The number of fights slightly correlated with cavum septum pellucidum plus cavum vergae length ( R = 0.306, P &lt; .001) and cavum septum pellucidum length ( R = 0.278, P &lt; .001). When fighters were subdivided into boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists, results were similar to those in the whole-group analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: This study assessed MR imaging findings in a large cohort demonstrating a significantly increased prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum among fighters. Although cerebral microhemorrhages were higher in fighters than in controls, this finding was not statistically significant, possibly partially due to underpowering of the study.

CMH
:   cerebral microhemorrhage
CSP
:   cavum septum pellucidum
CSPV
:   cavum septum pellucidum and vergae
CV
:   cavum vergae
NSWMC
:   nonspecific white matter change
MA
:   martial artists
MMA
:   mixed martial artists
PFBHS
:   Professional Fighters Brain Health Study" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node55125--5" data-node-nid="55125" id="top-node-55125--61420300230" data-pisa="ajnr;38/7/1303" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5175" data-apath="/ajnr/38/7/1303.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">ADULT BRAIN</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Prevalence of Traumatic Findings on Routine MRI in a Large Cohort of Professional Fighters</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">J.K. Lee</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">J. Wu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">S. Banks</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">C. Bernick</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">M.G. Massand</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">M.T. Modic</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">P. Ruggieri</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">S.E. Jones</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">July 2017,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1303-1310; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5175 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-55125--61420300230" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.K. Lee </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Imaging Institute (J.K.L., J.W., M.G.M., M.T.M., P.R., S.E.J.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.K.%2BLee%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lee%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.K.%2BLee%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-5145" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.K. Lee</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Wu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Imaging Institute (J.K.L., J.W., M.G.M., M.T.M., P.R., S.E.J.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BWu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wu%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BWu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1660-7731" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Wu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Banks </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (S.B., C.B.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BBanks%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Banks%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BBanks%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7536-2370" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Banks</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Bernick </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (S.B., C.B.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BBernick%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bernick%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BBernick%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-3587" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Bernick</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.G. Massand </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Imaging Institute (J.K.L., J.W., M.G.M., M.T.M., P.R., S.E.J.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.G.%2BMassand%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Massand%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.G.%2BMassand%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6831-1070" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.G. Massand</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.T. Modic </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Imaging Institute (J.K.L., J.W., M.G.M., M.T.M., P.R., S.E.J.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.T.%2BModic%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Modic%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.T.%2BModic%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-2472" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.T. Modic</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Ruggieri </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Imaging Institute (J.K.L., J.W., M.G.M., M.T.M., P.R., S.E.J.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BRuggieri%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ruggieri%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BRuggieri%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9723-561X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P. Ruggieri</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.E. Jones </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Imaging Institute (J.K.L., J.W., M.G.M., M.T.M., P.R., S.E.J.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.E.%2BJones%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jones%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.E.%2BJones%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-9078" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.E. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article abstract-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-2"><h2>Abstract</h2><div id="sec-1" class="subsection"><p id="p-2"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Previous studies investigating MR imaging abnormalities among fighters have had small sample sizes. This investigation assessed a large number of fighters using the same conventional sequences on the same scanner.</p></div><div id="sec-2" class="subsection"><p id="p-3"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Conventional 3T MR imaging was used to assess 499 fighters (boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists) and 62 controls for nonspecific WM changes, cerebral microhemorrhage, cavum septum pellucidum, and cavum vergae. The lengths of the cavum septum pellucidum and cavum vergae and the ratio of cavum septum pellucidum to the septum pellucidum lengths were assessed.</p></div><div id="sec-3" class="subsection"><p id="p-4"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The prevalence of nonspecific WM changes was similar between groups. Fighters had a prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhage (4.2% versus 0% for controls, <em>P</em> = .152). Fighters had a higher prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum versus controls (53.1% versus 17.7%, <em>P</em> &lt; .001) and cavum vergae versus controls (14.4% versus 0%, <em>P</em> &lt; .001). The lengths of the cavum septum pellucidum plus the cavum vergae (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), cavum septum pellucidum (<em>P</em> = .025), and cavum septum pellucidum to the septum pellucidum length ratio (<em>P</em> = .009) were higher in fighters than in controls. The number of fights slightly correlated with cavum septum pellucidum plus cavum vergae length (<em>R</em> = 0.306, <em>P</em> &lt; .001) and cavum septum pellucidum length (<em>R</em> = 0.278, <em>P</em> &lt; .001). When fighters were subdivided into boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists, results were similar to those in the whole-group analysis.</p></div><div id="sec-4" class="subsection"><p id="p-5"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> This study assessed MR imaging findings in a large cohort demonstrating a significantly increased prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum among fighters. Although cerebral microhemorrhages were higher in fighters than in controls, this finding was not statistically significant, possibly partially due to underpowering of the study.</p></div></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2 class="">ABBREVIATIONS:</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">CMH<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>cerebral microhemorrhage<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">CSP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>cavum septum pellucidum<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">CSPV<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>cavum septum pellucidum and vergae<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">CV<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>cavum vergae<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">NSWMC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>nonspecific white matter change<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">MA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>martial artists<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">MMA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>mixed martial artists<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">PFBHS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Professional Fighters Brain Health Study</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2017 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/7/1303.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-highlight"><a href="/content/38/7"  class="highlight-image-linked"><img class="highlight-image" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/ajnr/38/7.cover-source.jpg?itok=-cYpiImu" alt="American Journal of Neuroradiology: 38 (7)" /></a></div>
  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 38</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 7 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jul 2017 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jul 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1303-1310; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5175 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Prevalence of Traumatic Findings on Routine MRI in a Large Cohort of Professional Fighters</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Banks</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bernick</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Massand</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Modic</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ruggieri</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jones</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jul 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1303-1310; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5175 </span></div>
  
  
  
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