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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Identification and Quantitative Assessment of Different Components of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Plaque by Ex Vivo 3T High-Resolution Multicontrast MRI" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5266" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2017-09-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2017 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High-resolution 3T MR imaging can visualize intracranial atherosclerotic plaque. However, histologic validation is still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of 3T MR imaging to identify and quantitatively assess intracranial atherosclerotic plaque components ex vivo with histologic validation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three intracranial arterial specimens with atherosclerotic plaques from 20 cadavers were imaged by 3T MR imaging with T1, T2, and proton-density-weighted FSE and STIR sequences. The signal characteristics and areas of fibrous cap, lipid core, calcification, fibrous tissue, and healthy vessel wall were recorded on MR images and compared with histology. Fibrous cap thickness and maximum wall thickness were also quantified. The percentage of areas of the main plaque components, the ratio of fibrous cap thickness to maximum wall thickness, and plaque burden were calculated and compared.

RESULTS: The signal intensity of the lipid core was significantly lower than that of the fibrous cap on T2-weighted, proton-density, and STIR sequences ( P &lt; .01) and was comparable on T1-weighted sequences ( P = 1.00). Optimal contrast between the lipid core and fibrous cap was found on T2-weighted images. Plaque component mean percentages were comparable between MR imaging and histology: fibrous component (81.86% ± 10.59% versus 81.87% ± 11.59%, P = .999), lipid core (19.51% ± 10.76% versus 19.86% ± 11.56%, P = .863), and fibrous cap (31.10% ± 11.28% versus 30.83% ± 8.51%, P = .463). However, MR imaging overestimated mean calcification (9.68% ± 5.21% versus 8.83% ± 5.67%, P = .030) and plaque burden (65.18% ± 9.01% versus 52.71% ± 14.58%, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Ex vivo 3T MR imaging can accurately identify and quantitatively assess intracranial atherosclerotic plaque components, providing a direct reference for in vivo intracranial plaque imaging.

ICC
:   intraclass correlation coefficient
PD
:   proton-density" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Jiang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W. Peng" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Tian" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Zhu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Chen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="X. Wang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Q. Liu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Wang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z. Xiang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.J. Degnan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z. Teng" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Saloner" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Lu" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2017-09-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Adult Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Identification and Quantitative Assessment of Different Components of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Plaque by Ex Vivo 3T High-Resolution Multicontrast MRI" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;High-resolution 3T MR imaging can visualize intracranial atherosclerotic plaque. However, histologic validation is still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of 3T MR imaging to identify and quantitatively assess intracranial atherosclerotic plaque components ex vivo with histologic validation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fifty-three intracranial arterial specimens with atherosclerotic plaques from 20 cadavers were imaged by 3T MR imaging with T1, T2, and proton-density-weighted FSE and STIR sequences. The signal characteristics and areas of fibrous cap, lipid core, calcification, fibrous tissue, and healthy vessel wall were recorded on MR images and compared with histology. Fibrous cap thickness and maximum wall thickness were also quantified. The percentage of areas of the main plaque components, the ratio of fibrous cap thickness to maximum wall thickness, and plaque burden were calculated and compared.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The signal intensity of the lipid core was significantly lower than that of the fibrous cap on T2-weighted, proton-density, and STIR sequences (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01) and was comparable on T1-weighted sequences (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 1.00). Optimal contrast between the lipid core and fibrous cap was found on T2-weighted images. Plaque component mean percentages were comparable between MR imaging and histology: fibrous component (81.86% ± 10.59% versus 81.87% ± 11.59%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .999), lipid core (19.51% ± 10.76% versus 19.86% ± 11.56%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .863), and fibrous cap (31.10% ± 11.28% versus 30.83% ± 8.51%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .463). However, MR imaging overestimated mean calcification (9.68% ± 5.21% versus 8.83% ± 5.67%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .030) and plaque burden (65.18% ± 9.01% versus 52.71% ± 14.58%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ex vivo 3T MR imaging can accurately identify and quantitatively assess intracranial atherosclerotic plaque components, providing a direct reference for in vivo intracranial plaque imaging.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2017/09/01" />
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<meta name="citation_volume" content="38" />
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<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1716" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Y. Jiang" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology (Y.J.), Wuhan General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bDepartments of Radiology (Y.J., W.P., B.T., L.C., X.W., Q.L., J.L.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5278-8384" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="W. Peng" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bDepartments of Radiology (Y.J., W.P., B.T., L.C., X.W., Q.L., J.L.)" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Identification and Quantitative Assessment of Different Components of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Plaque by Ex Vivo 3T High-Resolution Multicontrast MRI" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High-resolution 3T MR imaging can visualize intracranial atherosclerotic plaque. However, histologic validation is still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of 3T MR imaging to identify and quantitatively assess intracranial atherosclerotic plaque components ex vivo with histologic validation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three intracranial arterial specimens with atherosclerotic plaques from 20 cadavers were imaged by 3T MR imaging with T1, T2, and proton-density-weighted FSE and STIR sequences. The signal characteristics and areas of fibrous cap, lipid core, calcification, fibrous tissue, and healthy vessel wall were recorded on MR images and compared with histology. Fibrous cap thickness and maximum wall thickness were also quantified. The percentage of areas of the main plaque components, the ratio of fibrous cap thickness to maximum wall thickness, and plaque burden were calculated and compared.

RESULTS: The signal intensity of the lipid core was significantly lower than that of the fibrous cap on T2-weighted, proton-density, and STIR sequences ( P &lt; .01) and was comparable on T1-weighted sequences ( P = 1.00). Optimal contrast between the lipid core and fibrous cap was found on T2-weighted images. Plaque component mean percentages were comparable between MR imaging and histology: fibrous component (81.86% ± 10.59% versus 81.87% ± 11.59%, P = .999), lipid core (19.51% ± 10.76% versus 19.86% ± 11.56%, P = .863), and fibrous cap (31.10% ± 11.28% versus 30.83% ± 8.51%, P = .463). However, MR imaging overestimated mean calcification (9.68% ± 5.21% versus 8.83% ± 5.67%, P = .030) and plaque burden (65.18% ± 9.01% versus 52.71% ± 14.58%, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Ex vivo 3T MR imaging can accurately identify and quantitatively assess intracranial atherosclerotic plaque components, providing a direct reference for in vivo intracranial plaque imaging.

ICC
:   intraclass correlation coefficient
PD
:   proton-density" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Identification and Quantitative Assessment of Different Components of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Plaque by Ex Vivo 3T High-Resolution Multicontrast MRI" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/9/1716" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High-resolution 3T MR imaging can visualize intracranial atherosclerotic plaque. However, histologic validation is still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of 3T MR imaging to identify and quantitatively assess intracranial atherosclerotic plaque components ex vivo with histologic validation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three intracranial arterial specimens with atherosclerotic plaques from 20 cadavers were imaged by 3T MR imaging with T1, T2, and proton-density-weighted FSE and STIR sequences. The signal characteristics and areas of fibrous cap, lipid core, calcification, fibrous tissue, and healthy vessel wall were recorded on MR images and compared with histology. Fibrous cap thickness and maximum wall thickness were also quantified. The percentage of areas of the main plaque components, the ratio of fibrous cap thickness to maximum wall thickness, and plaque burden were calculated and compared.

RESULTS: The signal intensity of the lipid core was significantly lower than that of the fibrous cap on T2-weighted, proton-density, and STIR sequences ( P &lt; .01) and was comparable on T1-weighted sequences ( P = 1.00). Optimal contrast between the lipid core and fibrous cap was found on T2-weighted images. Plaque component mean percentages were comparable between MR imaging and histology: fibrous component (81.86% ± 10.59% versus 81.87% ± 11.59%, P = .999), lipid core (19.51% ± 10.76% versus 19.86% ± 11.56%, P = .863), and fibrous cap (31.10% ± 11.28% versus 30.83% ± 8.51%, P = .463). However, MR imaging overestimated mean calcification (9.68% ± 5.21% versus 8.83% ± 5.67%, P = .030) and plaque burden (65.18% ± 9.01% versus 52.71% ± 14.58%, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Ex vivo 3T MR imaging can accurately identify and quantitatively assess intracranial atherosclerotic plaque components, providing a direct reference for in vivo intracranial plaque imaging.

ICC
:   intraclass correlation coefficient
PD
:   proton-density" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node55869--5" data-node-nid="55869" id="top-node-55869--61836113005" data-pisa="ajnr;38/9/1716" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5266" data-apath="/ajnr/38/9/1716.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Adult Brain</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Identification and Quantitative Assessment of Different Components of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Plaque by Ex Vivo 3T High-Resolution Multicontrast MRI</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Y. Jiang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">W. Peng</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">B. Tian</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">C. Zhu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">L. Chen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">X. Wang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Q. Liu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Y. Wang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">Z. Xiang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">A.J. Degnan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">Z. Teng</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">D. Saloner</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">J. Lu</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">September 2017,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(9) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1716-1722; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5266 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-55869--61836113005" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Jiang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (Y.J.), Wuhan General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Departments of Radiology (Y.J., W.P., B.T., L.C., X.W., Q.L., J.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BJiang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jiang%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BJiang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5278-8384" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Jiang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">W. Peng </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Departments of Radiology (Y.J., W.P., B.T., L.C., X.W., Q.L., J.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=W.%2BPeng%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Peng%20W&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AW.%2BPeng%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5543-3677" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for W. Peng</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B. Tian </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Departments of Radiology (Y.J., W.P., B.T., L.C., X.W., Q.L., J.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.%2BTian%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tian%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.%2BTian%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2446-4363" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for B. Tian</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Zhu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (C.Z., D.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BZhu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zhu%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BZhu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6898-549X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Zhu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Chen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Departments of Radiology (Y.J., W.P., B.T., L.C., X.W., Q.L., J.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BChen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chen%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BChen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-9439" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. Chen</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">X. Wang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Departments of Radiology (Y.J., W.P., B.T., L.C., X.W., Q.L., J.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=X.%2BWang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wang%20X&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AX.%2BWang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-4917" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for X. Wang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Q. Liu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Departments of Radiology (Y.J., W.P., B.T., L.C., X.W., Q.L., J.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Q.%2BLiu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Liu%20Q&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AQ.%2BLiu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-2160" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Q. Liu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Wang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Pathology (Y.W., Z.X.), Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BWang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wang%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BWang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-0643" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. 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Xiang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.J. Degnan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Radiology (A.J.D.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.J.%2BDegnan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Degnan%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.J.%2BDegnan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-0990" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A.J. Degnan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Z. Teng </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Radiology (Z.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Z.%2BTeng%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Teng%20Z&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AZ.%2BTeng%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3973-6157" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Z. 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Saloner </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (C.Z., D.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BSaloner%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Saloner%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BSaloner%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6989-8547" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article abstract-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-2"><h2>Abstract</h2><div id="sec-1" class="subsection"><p id="p-4"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> High-resolution 3T MR imaging can visualize intracranial atherosclerotic plaque. However, histologic validation is still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of 3T MR imaging to identify and quantitatively assess intracranial atherosclerotic plaque components ex vivo with histologic validation.</p></div><div id="sec-2" class="subsection"><p id="p-5"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Fifty-three intracranial arterial specimens with atherosclerotic plaques from 20 cadavers were imaged by 3T MR imaging with T1, T2, and proton-density-weighted FSE and STIR sequences. The signal characteristics and areas of fibrous cap, lipid core, calcification, fibrous tissue, and healthy vessel wall were recorded on MR images and compared with histology. Fibrous cap thickness and maximum wall thickness were also quantified. The percentage of areas of the main plaque components, the ratio of fibrous cap thickness to maximum wall thickness, and plaque burden were calculated and compared.</p></div><div id="sec-3" class="subsection"><p id="p-6"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The signal intensity of the lipid core was significantly lower than that of the fibrous cap on T2-weighted, proton-density, and STIR sequences (<em>P</em> &lt; .01) and was comparable on T1-weighted sequences (<em>P</em> = 1.00). Optimal contrast between the lipid core and fibrous cap was found on T2-weighted images. Plaque component mean percentages were comparable between MR imaging and histology: fibrous component (81.86% ± 10.59% versus 81.87% ± 11.59%, <em>P</em> = .999), lipid core (19.51% ± 10.76% versus 19.86% ± 11.56%, <em>P</em> = .863), and fibrous cap (31.10% ± 11.28% versus 30.83% ± 8.51%, <em>P</em> = .463). However, MR imaging overestimated mean calcification (9.68% ± 5.21% versus 8.83% ± 5.67%, <em>P</em> = .030) and plaque burden (65.18% ± 9.01% versus 52.71% ± 14.58%, <em>P</em> &lt; .001).</p></div><div id="sec-4" class="subsection"><p id="p-7"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Ex vivo 3T MR imaging can accurately identify and quantitatively assess intracranial atherosclerotic plaque components, providing a direct reference for in vivo intracranial plaque imaging.</p></div></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2 class="">ABBREVIATIONS:</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">ICC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>intraclass correlation coefficient<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">PD<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>proton-density</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2017 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-2">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org" rel="license">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/9/1716.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 38</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 9 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Sep 2017 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Identification and Quantitative Assessment of Different Components of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Plaque by Ex Vivo 3T High-Resolution Multicontrast MRI</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jiang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Peng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Q.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Xiang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Degnan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Teng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Saloner</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lu</span></span></span></div>
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Identification and Quantitative Assessment of Different Components of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Plaque by Ex Vivo 3T High-Resolution Multicontrast MRI</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jiang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Peng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Q.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Xiang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Degnan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Teng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Saloner</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lu</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Sep 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(9) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1716-1722; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5266 </span></div>
  
  
  
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