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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Altered White Matter Microstructure in the Corpus Callosum and Its Cerebral Interhemispheric Tracts in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5634" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2018-06-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neural system was one of the important contributors to the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; additionally, the morphology of corpus callosum interconnecting both hemispheres of the brain was found to be altered morphologically. Our aim was to evaluate and compare the microstructural changes of the corpus callosum and its interhemispheric white matter fiber tracts interconnecting both cerebral hemispheres in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and matched controls using diffusion tensor imaging.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain DTI was performed in 69 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (female, right thoracic/thoracolumbar curve) and 40 age-matched controls without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (female). 2D and 3D segmentation of the corpus callosum were performed using a region-growing method, and the corpus callosum was further divided into 6 regions, including the rostrum, genu, anterior and posterior midbodies, isthmus, and splenium. The laterality index was calculated to quantify the asymmetry of the corpus callosum. Interhemispheric fiber tractography were performed using the Brodmann atlas.

RESULTS: 2D ROI analysis revealed reduced fractional anisotropy in the genu and splenium ( P = .075 and P = .024, respectively). Consistently reduced fractional anisotropy on the left sides of the genu and splenium was also found in 3D ROI analysis ( P = .03 and P = .012, respectively). The laterality index analysis revealed a pseudo-right lateralization of the corpus callosum in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Interhemispheric fibers via the splenium interconnecting Brodmann 3, 1, and 2; Brodmann 17; and Brodmann 18 (corresponding to the primary somatosensory cortex and primary and secondary visual cortices) were also found to have reduced fractional anisotropy ( P ≤ .05).

CONCLUSIONS: Reduced fractional anisotropy was found in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and corresponding interhemispheric fiber tracts interconnecting the somatosensory and visual cortices via the splenium. Our results are suggestive of altered white matter microstructure within the brain of those with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which could be related to abnormal brain maturation during adolescence in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and could possibly explain the previously documented somatosensory function impairment and visuo-oculomotor dysfunction in this condition.

AIS
:   adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
CC
:   corpus callosum
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
LI
:   laterality index" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Xue" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Shi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.C.N. Hui" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Wang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.P. Lam" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C.-B. Ip" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B.K.W. Ng" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.C.Y. Cheng" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W.C.W. Chu" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2018-06-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Pediatrics" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Altered White Matter Microstructure in the Corpus Callosum and Its Cerebral Interhemispheric Tracts in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Neural system was one of the important contributors to the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; additionally, the morphology of corpus callosum interconnecting both hemispheres of the brain was found to be altered morphologically. Our aim was to evaluate and compare the microstructural changes of the corpus callosum and its interhemispheric white matter fiber tracts interconnecting both cerebral hemispheres in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and matched controls using diffusion tensor imaging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Brain DTI was performed in 69 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (female, right thoracic/thoracolumbar curve) and 40 age-matched controls without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (female). 2D and 3D segmentation of the corpus callosum were performed using a region-growing method, and the corpus callosum was further divided into 6 regions, including the rostrum, genu, anterior and posterior midbodies, isthmus, and splenium. The laterality index was calculated to quantify the asymmetry of the corpus callosum. Interhemispheric fiber tractography were performed using the Brodmann atlas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2D ROI analysis revealed reduced fractional anisotropy in the genu and splenium (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .075 and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .024, respectively). Consistently reduced fractional anisotropy on the left sides of the genu and splenium was also found in 3D ROI analysis (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .03 and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .012, respectively). The laterality index analysis revealed a pseudo-right lateralization of the corpus callosum in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Interhemispheric fibers via the splenium interconnecting Brodmann 3, 1, and 2; Brodmann 17; and Brodmann 18 (corresponding to the primary somatosensory cortex and primary and secondary visual cortices) were also found to have reduced fractional anisotropy (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ .05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Reduced fractional anisotropy was found in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and corresponding interhemispheric fiber tracts interconnecting the somatosensory and visual cortices via the splenium. Our results are suggestive of altered white matter microstructure within the brain of those with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which could be related to abnormal brain maturation during adolescence in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and could possibly explain the previously documented somatosensory function impairment and visuo-oculomotor dysfunction in this condition.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="C. Xue" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="L. Shi" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Altered White Matter Microstructure in the Corpus Callosum and Its Cerebral Interhemispheric Tracts in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neural system was one of the important contributors to the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; additionally, the morphology of corpus callosum interconnecting both hemispheres of the brain was found to be altered morphologically. Our aim was to evaluate and compare the microstructural changes of the corpus callosum and its interhemispheric white matter fiber tracts interconnecting both cerebral hemispheres in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and matched controls using diffusion tensor imaging.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain DTI was performed in 69 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (female, right thoracic/thoracolumbar curve) and 40 age-matched controls without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (female). 2D and 3D segmentation of the corpus callosum were performed using a region-growing method, and the corpus callosum was further divided into 6 regions, including the rostrum, genu, anterior and posterior midbodies, isthmus, and splenium. The laterality index was calculated to quantify the asymmetry of the corpus callosum. Interhemispheric fiber tractography were performed using the Brodmann atlas.

RESULTS: 2D ROI analysis revealed reduced fractional anisotropy in the genu and splenium ( P = .075 and P = .024, respectively). Consistently reduced fractional anisotropy on the left sides of the genu and splenium was also found in 3D ROI analysis ( P = .03 and P = .012, respectively). The laterality index analysis revealed a pseudo-right lateralization of the corpus callosum in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Interhemispheric fibers via the splenium interconnecting Brodmann 3, 1, and 2; Brodmann 17; and Brodmann 18 (corresponding to the primary somatosensory cortex and primary and secondary visual cortices) were also found to have reduced fractional anisotropy ( P ≤ .05).

CONCLUSIONS: Reduced fractional anisotropy was found in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and corresponding interhemispheric fiber tracts interconnecting the somatosensory and visual cortices via the splenium. Our results are suggestive of altered white matter microstructure within the brain of those with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which could be related to abnormal brain maturation during adolescence in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and could possibly explain the previously documented somatosensory function impairment and visuo-oculomotor dysfunction in this condition.

AIS
:   adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
CC
:   corpus callosum
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
LI
:   laterality index" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Altered White Matter Microstructure in the Corpus Callosum and Its Cerebral Interhemispheric Tracts in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/39/6/1177" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neural system was one of the important contributors to the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; additionally, the morphology of corpus callosum interconnecting both hemispheres of the brain was found to be altered morphologically. Our aim was to evaluate and compare the microstructural changes of the corpus callosum and its interhemispheric white matter fiber tracts interconnecting both cerebral hemispheres in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and matched controls using diffusion tensor imaging.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain DTI was performed in 69 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (female, right thoracic/thoracolumbar curve) and 40 age-matched controls without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (female). 2D and 3D segmentation of the corpus callosum were performed using a region-growing method, and the corpus callosum was further divided into 6 regions, including the rostrum, genu, anterior and posterior midbodies, isthmus, and splenium. The laterality index was calculated to quantify the asymmetry of the corpus callosum. Interhemispheric fiber tractography were performed using the Brodmann atlas.

RESULTS: 2D ROI analysis revealed reduced fractional anisotropy in the genu and splenium ( P = .075 and P = .024, respectively). Consistently reduced fractional anisotropy on the left sides of the genu and splenium was also found in 3D ROI analysis ( P = .03 and P = .012, respectively). The laterality index analysis revealed a pseudo-right lateralization of the corpus callosum in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Interhemispheric fibers via the splenium interconnecting Brodmann 3, 1, and 2; Brodmann 17; and Brodmann 18 (corresponding to the primary somatosensory cortex and primary and secondary visual cortices) were also found to have reduced fractional anisotropy ( P ≤ .05).

CONCLUSIONS: Reduced fractional anisotropy was found in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and corresponding interhemispheric fiber tracts interconnecting the somatosensory and visual cortices via the splenium. Our results are suggestive of altered white matter microstructure within the brain of those with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which could be related to abnormal brain maturation during adolescence in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and could possibly explain the previously documented somatosensory function impairment and visuo-oculomotor dysfunction in this condition.

AIS
:   adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
CC
:   corpus callosum
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
LI
:   laterality index" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node61314--5" data-node-nid="61314" id="top-node-61314--62044590161" data-pisa="ajnr;39/6/1177" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5634" data-apath="/ajnr/39/6/1177.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Pediatrics</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Altered White Matter Microstructure in the Corpus Callosum and Its Cerebral Interhemispheric Tracts in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">C. Xue</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">L. Shi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">S.C.N. Hui</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">D. Wang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">T.P. Lam</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">C.-B. Ip</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">B.K.W. Ng</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">J.C.Y. Cheng</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">W.C.W. Chu</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">June 2018,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">39 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1177-1184; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5634 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-61314--62044590161" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Xue </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (C.X., L.S., S.C.N.H., D.W., C.-B.I., W.C.W.C.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BXue%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Xue%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BXue%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6302-7468" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Xue</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Shi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (C.X., L.S., S.C.N.H., D.W., C.-B.I., W.C.W.C.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BShi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Shi%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BShi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2318-4669" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. Shi</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.C.N. Hui </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (C.X., L.S., S.C.N.H., D.W., C.-B.I., W.C.W.C.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.C.N.%2BHui%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hui%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.C.N.%2BHui%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1523-4040" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.C.N. Hui</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Wang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (C.X., L.S., S.C.N.H., D.W., C.-B.I., W.C.W.C.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BWang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wang%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BWang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-1790" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. Wang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.P. Lam </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Orthopedics and Traumatology (T.P.L., B.K.W.N., J.C.Y.C.), Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.P.%2BLam%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lam%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.P.%2BLam%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-2719" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T.P. Lam</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C.-B. Ip </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (C.X., L.S., S.C.N.H., D.W., C.-B.I., W.C.W.C.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.-B.%2BIp%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ip%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.-B.%2BIp%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-2547" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C.-B. Ip</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B.K.W. Ng </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Orthopedics and Traumatology (T.P.L., B.K.W.N., J.C.Y.C.), Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.K.W.%2BNg%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ng%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.K.W.%2BNg%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-3890" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for B.K.W. Ng</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.C.Y. Cheng </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Orthopedics and Traumatology (T.P.L., B.K.W.N., J.C.Y.C.), Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.C.Y.%2BCheng%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cheng%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.C.Y.%2BCheng%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8153-364X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.C.Y. Cheng</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">W.C.W. Chu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (C.X., L.S., S.C.N.H., D.W., C.-B.I., W.C.W.C.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=W.C.W.%2BChu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chu%20W&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AW.C.W.%2BChu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-4132" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for W.C.W. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article abstract-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1"><h2>Abstract</h2><div id="sec-1" class="subsection"><p id="p-2"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Neural system was one of the important contributors to the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; additionally, the morphology of corpus callosum interconnecting both hemispheres of the brain was found to be altered morphologically. Our aim was to evaluate and compare the microstructural changes of the corpus callosum and its interhemispheric white matter fiber tracts interconnecting both cerebral hemispheres in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and matched controls using diffusion tensor imaging.</p></div><div id="sec-2" class="subsection"><p id="p-3"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Brain DTI was performed in 69 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (female, right thoracic/thoracolumbar curve) and 40 age-matched controls without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (female). 2D and 3D segmentation of the corpus callosum were performed using a region-growing method, and the corpus callosum was further divided into 6 regions, including the rostrum, genu, anterior and posterior midbodies, isthmus, and splenium. The laterality index was calculated to quantify the asymmetry of the corpus callosum. Interhemispheric fiber tractography were performed using the Brodmann atlas.</p></div><div id="sec-3" class="subsection"><p id="p-4"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> 2D ROI analysis revealed reduced fractional anisotropy in the genu and splenium (<em>P</em> = .075 and <em>P</em> = .024, respectively). Consistently reduced fractional anisotropy on the left sides of the genu and splenium was also found in 3D ROI analysis (<em>P</em> = .03 and <em>P</em> = .012, respectively). The laterality index analysis revealed a pseudo-right lateralization of the corpus callosum in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Interhemispheric fibers via the splenium interconnecting Brodmann 3, 1, and 2; Brodmann 17; and Brodmann 18 (corresponding to the primary somatosensory cortex and primary and secondary visual cortices) were also found to have reduced fractional anisotropy (<em>P</em> ≤ .05).</p></div><div id="sec-4" class="subsection"><p id="p-5"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Reduced fractional anisotropy was found in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and corresponding interhemispheric fiber tracts interconnecting the somatosensory and visual cortices via the splenium. Our results are suggestive of altered white matter microstructure within the brain of those with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which could be related to abnormal brain maturation during adolescence in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and could possibly explain the previously documented somatosensory function impairment and visuo-oculomotor dysfunction in this condition.</p></div></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2 class="">ABBREVIATIONS:</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">AIS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>adolescent idiopathic scoliosis<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">CC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>corpus callosum<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">FA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>fractional anisotropy<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">LI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>laterality index</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2018 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org" rel="license">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/39/6/1177.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 39</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 6 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jun 2018 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Xue</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.C.N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hui</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lam</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.-B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ip</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.K.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.C.Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cheng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.C.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chu</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2018, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">39 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1177-1184; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5634 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Xue</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.C.N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hui</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lam</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.-B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ip</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.K.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.C.Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cheng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.C.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chu</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2018, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">39 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1177-1184; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5634 </span></div>
  
  
  
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