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    Index by author — November 01, 2019, 40 (11) | American Journal of Neuroradiology  
    
















    





















    
  
  




    
    

  

      


    

      

  
  
  

    

  

    

  

                
    

      

  

    

  
      
  
  

    


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Index by author
  	
      
November 01, 2019; Volume 40,Issue 11 

  
  
   

  
  



  


  
  



			

		

	
	
 	
	  
  

		
		

			

			  

  
      
  
  

    
  1. Brown, T.R.
    1. 
  
  
      
      EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain 
      
  
      
      Open Access
      
  
      Prolonged Microgravity Affects Human Brain Structure and Function  
    	
      D.R. Roberts, D. Asemani, P.J. Nietert, M.A. Eckert, D.C. Inglesby, J.J. Bloomberg, M.S. George and T.R. Brown
      
  
    	
      American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1878-1885; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6249 
      
  
    	
      Brain MR imaging scans of National Aeronautics and Space Administration astronauts were retrospectively analyzed to quantify pre- to postflight changes in brain structure. Local structural changes were assessed using the Jacobian determinant. Structural changes were compared with clinical findings and cognitive and motor function. Long-duration spaceflights aboard the International Space Station, but not short-duration Space Shuttle flights, resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of total ventricular volume change (10.7% versus 0%). The percentage of total ventricular volume change was significantly associated with mission duration but negatively associated with age. Pre- to postflight structural changes of the left caudate correlated significantly with poor postural control, and the right primary motor area/midcingulate correlated significantly with a complex motor task completion time. These findings suggest that brain structural changes are associated with changes in cognitive and motor test scores and with the development of spaceflight-associated neuro-optic syndrome.
      
  
  

      

  2. Brunelle, F.
    1. 
  
  
      
      FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBPediatrics 
      
  
      
      
  
      Incidental Brain MRI Findings in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis  
    	
      V. Dangouloff-Ros, C.-J. Roux, G. Boulouis, R. Levy, N. Nicolas, C. Lozach, D. Grevent, F. Brunelle, N. Boddaert and O. Naggara
      
  
    	
      American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1818-1823; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6281 
      
  
    	
      Seven studies were included, reporting 5938 children (mean age, 11.3 ± 2.8 years). Incidental findings were present in 16.4% of healthy children, intracranial cysts being the most frequent (10.2%). Nonspecific white matter hyperintensities were reported in 1.9%, Chiari I malformation was found in 0.8%, and intracranial neoplasms were reported in 0.2%. In total, the prevalence of incidental findings needing follow-up was 2.6%. The prevalence of incidental findings is much more frequent in children than previously reported in adults, but clinically significant incidental findings were present in <1 in 38 children.
      
  
  

      

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