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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Validation of Zero TE–MRA in the Characterization of Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Feasibility Study" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A6173" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2019-09-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2019 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Zero TE–MRA is less sensitive to field heterogeneity, complex flow, and acquisition noise. This study aimed to prospectively validate the feasibility of zero TE–MRA for cerebrovascular diseases assessment, compared with TOF-MRA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy patients suspected of having cerebrovascular disorders were recruited. Sound levels were estimated for each MRA subjectively and objectively in different modes. MRA image quality was estimated by 2 neuroradiologists. The degree of stenosis (grades 0–4) and the z-diameter of aneurysms (tiny group ≤3 mm and large group &gt;3 mm) were measured for further quantitative analysis. CTA was used as the criterion standard.

RESULTS: Zero TE–MRA achieved significantly lower subjective perception and objective noise reduction (37.53%). Zero TE–MRA images showed higher signal homogeneity (3.29 ± 0.59 versus 3.04 ± 0.43) and quality of venous signal suppression (3.67 ± 0.47 versus 2.75 ± 0.46). The intermodality agreement was higher for zero TE–MRA than for TOF-MRA (zero TE, 0.90; TOF, 0.81) in the grading of stenosis. Zero TE–MRA had a higher correlation than TOF-MRA (zero TE, 0.84; TOF, 0.74) in the tiny group and a higher consistency with CTA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.83; intercept, −0.5084–1.1794; slope −0.4952 to −0.2093) than TOF-MRA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.64; intercept, 0.7000–2.6133; slope −1.0344 to −0.1923). Zero TE–MRA and TOF-MRA were comparable in the large group. Zero TE–MRA had more accurate details than TOF-MRA of AVM and Moyamoya lesions.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with TOF-MRA, zero TE–MRA achieved more robust performance in depicting cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, zero TE–MRA was shown to be a promising MRA technique for further routine application in the clinic in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

ASL
:   arterial spin-labeling
AVM
:   arteriovenous malformation
MRA
:   magnetic resonance angiography
CTA
:   computed tomography angiography
CE
:   contrast-enhanced
TOF
:   time-of-flight
zTE
:   zero echo time
MIP
:   maximum intensity projection
VR
:   volume rendering
MCA
:   middle cerebral artery
ICA
:   internal carotid artery" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Shang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Ye" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W. Dou" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="X. Luo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Qu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Q. Zhu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Zhang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Wu" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2019-09-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Adult Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Validation of Zero TE–MRA in the Characterization of Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Feasibility Study" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Zero TE–MRA is less sensitive to field heterogeneity, complex flow, and acquisition noise. This study aimed to prospectively validate the feasibility of zero TE–MRA for cerebrovascular diseases assessment, compared with TOF-MRA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Seventy patients suspected of having cerebrovascular disorders were recruited. Sound levels were estimated for each MRA subjectively and objectively in different modes. MRA image quality was estimated by 2 neuroradiologists. The degree of stenosis (grades 0–4) and the z-diameter of aneurysms (tiny group ≤3 mm and large group &amp;gt;3 mm) were measured for further quantitative analysis. CTA was used as the criterion standard.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Zero TE–MRA achieved significantly lower subjective perception and objective noise reduction (37.53%). Zero TE–MRA images showed higher signal homogeneity (3.29 ± 0.59 versus 3.04 ± 0.43) and quality of venous signal suppression (3.67 ± 0.47 versus 2.75 ± 0.46). The intermodality agreement was higher for zero TE–MRA than for TOF-MRA (zero TE, 0.90; TOF, 0.81) in the grading of stenosis. Zero TE–MRA had a higher correlation than TOF-MRA (zero TE, 0.84; TOF, 0.74) in the tiny group and a higher consistency with CTA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.83; intercept, −0.5084–1.1794; slope −0.4952 to −0.2093) than TOF-MRA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.64; intercept, 0.7000–2.6133; slope −1.0344 to −0.1923). Zero TE–MRA and TOF-MRA were comparable in the large group. Zero TE–MRA had more accurate details than TOF-MRA of AVM and Moyamoya lesions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Compared with TOF-MRA, zero TE–MRA achieved more robust performance in depicting cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, zero TE–MRA was shown to be a promising MRA technique for further routine application in the clinic in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2019/09/01" />
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<meta name="citation_issn" content="0195-6108" />
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<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1484" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="S. Shang" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology (S.S., J.Y., X.L., Q.Z., H.Z., J.W.), Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-3852" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="J. Ye" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology (S.S., J.Y., X.L., Q.Z., H.Z., J.W.), Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3498-8232" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="W. Dou" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Validation of Zero TE–MRA in the Characterization of Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Feasibility Study" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Zero TE–MRA is less sensitive to field heterogeneity, complex flow, and acquisition noise. This study aimed to prospectively validate the feasibility of zero TE–MRA for cerebrovascular diseases assessment, compared with TOF-MRA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy patients suspected of having cerebrovascular disorders were recruited. Sound levels were estimated for each MRA subjectively and objectively in different modes. MRA image quality was estimated by 2 neuroradiologists. The degree of stenosis (grades 0–4) and the z-diameter of aneurysms (tiny group ≤3 mm and large group &gt;3 mm) were measured for further quantitative analysis. CTA was used as the criterion standard.

RESULTS: Zero TE–MRA achieved significantly lower subjective perception and objective noise reduction (37.53%). Zero TE–MRA images showed higher signal homogeneity (3.29 ± 0.59 versus 3.04 ± 0.43) and quality of venous signal suppression (3.67 ± 0.47 versus 2.75 ± 0.46). The intermodality agreement was higher for zero TE–MRA than for TOF-MRA (zero TE, 0.90; TOF, 0.81) in the grading of stenosis. Zero TE–MRA had a higher correlation than TOF-MRA (zero TE, 0.84; TOF, 0.74) in the tiny group and a higher consistency with CTA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.83; intercept, −0.5084–1.1794; slope −0.4952 to −0.2093) than TOF-MRA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.64; intercept, 0.7000–2.6133; slope −1.0344 to −0.1923). Zero TE–MRA and TOF-MRA were comparable in the large group. Zero TE–MRA had more accurate details than TOF-MRA of AVM and Moyamoya lesions.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with TOF-MRA, zero TE–MRA achieved more robust performance in depicting cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, zero TE–MRA was shown to be a promising MRA technique for further routine application in the clinic in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

ASL
:   arterial spin-labeling
AVM
:   arteriovenous malformation
MRA
:   magnetic resonance angiography
CTA
:   computed tomography angiography
CE
:   contrast-enhanced
TOF
:   time-of-flight
zTE
:   zero echo time
MIP
:   maximum intensity projection
VR
:   volume rendering
MCA
:   middle cerebral artery
ICA
:   internal carotid artery" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Validation of Zero TE–MRA in the Characterization of Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Feasibility Study" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/40/9/1484" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Zero TE–MRA is less sensitive to field heterogeneity, complex flow, and acquisition noise. This study aimed to prospectively validate the feasibility of zero TE–MRA for cerebrovascular diseases assessment, compared with TOF-MRA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy patients suspected of having cerebrovascular disorders were recruited. Sound levels were estimated for each MRA subjectively and objectively in different modes. MRA image quality was estimated by 2 neuroradiologists. The degree of stenosis (grades 0–4) and the z-diameter of aneurysms (tiny group ≤3 mm and large group &gt;3 mm) were measured for further quantitative analysis. CTA was used as the criterion standard.

RESULTS: Zero TE–MRA achieved significantly lower subjective perception and objective noise reduction (37.53%). Zero TE–MRA images showed higher signal homogeneity (3.29 ± 0.59 versus 3.04 ± 0.43) and quality of venous signal suppression (3.67 ± 0.47 versus 2.75 ± 0.46). The intermodality agreement was higher for zero TE–MRA than for TOF-MRA (zero TE, 0.90; TOF, 0.81) in the grading of stenosis. Zero TE–MRA had a higher correlation than TOF-MRA (zero TE, 0.84; TOF, 0.74) in the tiny group and a higher consistency with CTA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.83; intercept, −0.5084–1.1794; slope −0.4952 to −0.2093) than TOF-MRA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.64; intercept, 0.7000–2.6133; slope −1.0344 to −0.1923). Zero TE–MRA and TOF-MRA were comparable in the large group. Zero TE–MRA had more accurate details than TOF-MRA of AVM and Moyamoya lesions.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with TOF-MRA, zero TE–MRA achieved more robust performance in depicting cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, zero TE–MRA was shown to be a promising MRA technique for further routine application in the clinic in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

ASL
:   arterial spin-labeling
AVM
:   arteriovenous malformation
MRA
:   magnetic resonance angiography
CTA
:   computed tomography angiography
CE
:   contrast-enhanced
TOF
:   time-of-flight
zTE
:   zero echo time
MIP
:   maximum intensity projection
VR
:   volume rendering
MCA
:   middle cerebral artery
ICA
:   internal carotid artery" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Validation of Zero TE–MRA in the Characterization of Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Feasibility Study</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">S. Shang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">J. Ye</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">W. Dou</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">X. Luo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">J. Qu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Q. Zhu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">H. Zhang</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">J. Wu</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">September 2019,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">40 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(9) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1484-1490; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6173 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-69885--6525832608" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Shang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.S., J.Y., X.L., Q.Z., H.Z., J.W.), Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BShang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Shang%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BShang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-3852" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Shang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Ye </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.S., J.Y., X.L., Q.Z., H.Z., J.W.), Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BYe%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ye%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BYe%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3498-8232" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Ye</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">W. Dou </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>MR Research China (W.D., J.Q.), GE Healthcare, Beijing China.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=W.%2BDou%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dou%20W&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AW.%2BDou%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0056-2014" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for W. Dou</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">X. Luo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.S., J.Y., X.L., Q.Z., H.Z., J.W.), Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=X.%2BLuo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Luo%20X&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AX.%2BLuo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-9464" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for X. Luo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Qu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>MR Research China (W.D., J.Q.), GE Healthcare, Beijing China.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BQu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Qu%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BQu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4587-6439" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Qu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Q. Zhu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.S., J.Y., X.L., Q.Z., H.Z., J.W.), Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Q.%2BZhu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zhu%20Q&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AQ.%2BZhu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5073-7009" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Q. Zhu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H. Zhang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.S., J.Y., X.L., Q.Z., H.Z., J.W.), Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.%2BZhang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zhang%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.%2BZhang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-0329" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for H. Zhang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Wu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.S., J.Y., X.L., Q.Z., H.Z., J.W.), Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BWu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wu%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BWu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-9635" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Wu</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article abstract-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1"><h2>Abstract</h2><div id="sec-1" class="subsection"><p id="p-2"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Zero TE–MRA is less sensitive to field heterogeneity, complex flow, and acquisition noise. This study aimed to prospectively validate the feasibility of zero TE–MRA for cerebrovascular diseases assessment, compared with TOF-MRA.</p></div><div id="sec-2" class="subsection"><p id="p-3"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Seventy patients suspected of having cerebrovascular disorders were recruited. Sound levels were estimated for each MRA subjectively and objectively in different modes. MRA image quality was estimated by 2 neuroradiologists. The degree of stenosis (grades 0–4) and the z-diameter of aneurysms (tiny group ≤3 mm and large group &gt;3 mm) were measured for further quantitative analysis. CTA was used as the criterion standard.</p></div><div id="sec-3" class="subsection"><p id="p-4"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Zero TE–MRA achieved significantly lower subjective perception and objective noise reduction (37.53%). Zero TE–MRA images showed higher signal homogeneity (3.29 ± 0.59 versus 3.04 ± 0.43) and quality of venous signal suppression (3.67 ± 0.47 versus 2.75 ± 0.46). The intermodality agreement was higher for zero TE–MRA than for TOF-MRA (zero TE, 0.90; TOF, 0.81) in the grading of stenosis. Zero TE–MRA had a higher correlation than TOF-MRA (zero TE, 0.84; TOF, 0.74) in the tiny group and a higher consistency with CTA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.83; intercept, −0.5084–1.1794; slope −0.4952 to −0.2093) than TOF-MRA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.64; intercept, 0.7000–2.6133; slope −1.0344 to −0.1923). Zero TE–MRA and TOF-MRA were comparable in the large group. Zero TE–MRA had more accurate details than TOF-MRA of AVM and Moyamoya lesions.</p></div><div id="sec-4" class="subsection"><p id="p-5"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Compared with TOF-MRA, zero TE–MRA achieved more robust performance in depicting cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, zero TE–MRA was shown to be a promising MRA technique for further routine application in the clinic in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.</p></div></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2 class="">ABBREVIATIONS:</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">ASL<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>arterial spin-labeling<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">AVM<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>arteriovenous malformation<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">MRA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>magnetic resonance angiography<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">CTA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>computed tomography angiography<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">CE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>contrast-enhanced<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">TOF<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>time-of-flight<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">zTE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>zero echo time<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">MIP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>maximum intensity projection<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">VR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>volume rendering<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-10">MCA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>middle cerebral artery<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-11">ICA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>internal carotid artery</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2019 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org" rel="license">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/40/9/1484.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 40</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 9 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Sep 2019 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Validation of Zero TE–MRA in the Characterization of Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Feasibility Study</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ye</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Luo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Qu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Q.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wu</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Sep 2019, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">40 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(9) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1484-1490; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A6173 </span></div>
  
  
  
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