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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Olfactory Bulb Signal Abnormality in Patients with COVID-19 Who Present with Neurologic Symptoms" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A6751" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2020-10-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Unique among the acute neurologic manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is chemosensory dysfunction (anosmia or dysgeusia), which can be seen in patients who are otherwise oligosymptomatic or even asymptomatic. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is imaging evidence of olfactory apparatus pathology in patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study compared the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract signal intensity on thin-section T2WI and postcontrast 3D T2 FLAIR images in patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms, and age-matched controls imaged for olfactory dysfunction.

RESULTS: There was a significant difference in normalized olfactory bulb T2 FLAIR signal intensity between the patients with COVID-19 and the controls with anosmia ( P = .003). Four of 12 patients with COVID-19 demonstrated intraneural T2 signal hyperintensity on postcontrast 3D T2 FLAIR compared with none of the 12 patients among the controls with anosmia ( P = .028).

CONCLUSIONS: Olfactory bulb 3D T2 FLAIR signal intensity was greater in the patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms compared with an age-matched control group with olfactory dysfunction, and this was qualitatively apparent in 4 of 12 patients with COVID-19. Analysis of these preliminary finding suggests that olfactory apparatus vulnerability to COVID-19 might be supported on conventional neuroimaging and may serve as a noninvasive biomarker of infection.

COVID-19
:   coronavirus disease 2019
OB
:   olfactory bulb
SARS-CoV-2
:   Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.B. Strauss" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.E. Lantos" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L.A. Heier" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.R. Shatzkes" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C.D. Phillips" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2020-10-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Head &amp;amp; Neck" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Olfactory Bulb Signal Abnormality in Patients with COVID-19 Who Present with Neurologic Symptoms" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Unique among the acute neurologic manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is chemosensory dysfunction (anosmia or dysgeusia), which can be seen in patients who are otherwise oligosymptomatic or even asymptomatic. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is imaging evidence of olfactory apparatus pathology in patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A retrospective case-control study compared the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract signal intensity on thin-section T2WI and postcontrast 3D T2 FLAIR images in patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms, and age-matched controls imaged for olfactory dysfunction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There was a significant difference in normalized olfactory bulb T2 FLAIR signal intensity between the patients with COVID-19 and the controls with anosmia (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .003). Four of 12 patients with COVID-19 demonstrated intraneural T2 signal hyperintensity on postcontrast 3D T2 FLAIR compared with none of the 12 patients among the controls with anosmia (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .028).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Olfactory bulb 3D T2 FLAIR signal intensity was greater in the patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms compared with an age-matched control group with olfactory dysfunction, and this was qualitatively apparent in 4 of 12 patients with COVID-19. Analysis of these preliminary finding suggests that olfactory apparatus vulnerability to COVID-19 might be supported on conventional neuroimaging and may serve as a noninvasive biomarker of infection.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Olfactory Bulb Signal Abnormality in Patients with COVID-19 Who Present with Neurologic Symptoms" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Unique among the acute neurologic manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is chemosensory dysfunction (anosmia or dysgeusia), which can be seen in patients who are otherwise oligosymptomatic or even asymptomatic. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is imaging evidence of olfactory apparatus pathology in patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study compared the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract signal intensity on thin-section T2WI and postcontrast 3D T2 FLAIR images in patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms, and age-matched controls imaged for olfactory dysfunction.

RESULTS: There was a significant difference in normalized olfactory bulb T2 FLAIR signal intensity between the patients with COVID-19 and the controls with anosmia ( P = .003). Four of 12 patients with COVID-19 demonstrated intraneural T2 signal hyperintensity on postcontrast 3D T2 FLAIR compared with none of the 12 patients among the controls with anosmia ( P = .028).

CONCLUSIONS: Olfactory bulb 3D T2 FLAIR signal intensity was greater in the patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms compared with an age-matched control group with olfactory dysfunction, and this was qualitatively apparent in 4 of 12 patients with COVID-19. Analysis of these preliminary finding suggests that olfactory apparatus vulnerability to COVID-19 might be supported on conventional neuroimaging and may serve as a noninvasive biomarker of infection.

COVID-19
:   coronavirus disease 2019
OB
:   olfactory bulb
SARS-CoV-2
:   Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Olfactory Bulb Signal Abnormality in Patients with COVID-19 Who Present with Neurologic Symptoms" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/41/10/1882" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Unique among the acute neurologic manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is chemosensory dysfunction (anosmia or dysgeusia), which can be seen in patients who are otherwise oligosymptomatic or even asymptomatic. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is imaging evidence of olfactory apparatus pathology in patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study compared the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract signal intensity on thin-section T2WI and postcontrast 3D T2 FLAIR images in patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms, and age-matched controls imaged for olfactory dysfunction.

RESULTS: There was a significant difference in normalized olfactory bulb T2 FLAIR signal intensity between the patients with COVID-19 and the controls with anosmia ( P = .003). Four of 12 patients with COVID-19 demonstrated intraneural T2 signal hyperintensity on postcontrast 3D T2 FLAIR compared with none of the 12 patients among the controls with anosmia ( P = .028).

CONCLUSIONS: Olfactory bulb 3D T2 FLAIR signal intensity was greater in the patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms compared with an age-matched control group with olfactory dysfunction, and this was qualitatively apparent in 4 of 12 patients with COVID-19. Analysis of these preliminary finding suggests that olfactory apparatus vulnerability to COVID-19 might be supported on conventional neuroimaging and may serve as a noninvasive biomarker of infection.

COVID-19
:   coronavirus disease 2019
OB
:   olfactory bulb
SARS-CoV-2
:   Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node78810--5" data-node-nid="78810" id="top-node-78810--61074833896" data-pisa="ajnr;41/10/1882" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A6751" data-apath="/ajnr/41/10/1882.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Head &amp; Neck</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Olfactory Bulb Signal Abnormality in Patients with COVID-19 Who Present with Neurologic Symptoms</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">S.B. Strauss</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">J.E. Lantos</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">L.A. Heier</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">D.R. Shatzkes</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">C.D. Phillips</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">October 2020,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">41 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1882-1887; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6751 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-78810--61074833896" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.B. Strauss </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.B.S., J.E.L., L.A.H., C.D.P.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.B.%2BStrauss%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Strauss%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.B.%2BStrauss%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-2721" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.B. Strauss</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.E. Lantos </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.B.S., J.E.L., L.A.H., C.D.P.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.E.%2BLantos%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lantos%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.E.%2BLantos%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4323-7828" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.E. Lantos</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L.A. Heier </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.B.S., J.E.L., L.A.H., C.D.P.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.A.%2BHeier%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Heier%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.A.%2BHeier%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5519-9326" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L.A. Heier</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D.R. Shatzkes </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology (D.R.S.), Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital and The New York Head and Neck Institute, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.R.%2BShatzkes%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Shatzkes%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.R.%2BShatzkes%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-7298" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D.R. Shatzkes</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C.D. Phillips </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.B.S., J.E.L., L.A.H., C.D.P.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.D.%2BPhillips%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Phillips%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.D.%2BPhillips%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-8899" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C.D. 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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 41</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 10 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Oct 2020 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Olfactory Bulb Signal Abnormality in Patients with COVID-19 Who Present with Neurologic Symptoms</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Strauss</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lantos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heier</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shatzkes</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Phillips</span></span></span></div>
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Strauss</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lantos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heier</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shatzkes</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Phillips</span></span></span></div>
  
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