More articles from Head & Neck
- MRI Findings of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Induced Hypophysitis: Possible Association with Fibrosis
This retrospective international multicenter study comprised 20 patients with melanoma who were being treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and clinically diagnosed with immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced hypophysitis. Three radiologists evaluated the following MR imaging findings: enlargement of the pituitary gland and stalk; homogeneity of enhancement of the pituitary gland; presence/absence of a well-defined poorly enhanced area and, if present, its location, shape, and signal intensity in T2WI; and enhancement pattern in contrast-enhanced dynamic MR imaging. Enlargement of the pituitary gland and stalk was observed in 12 and 20 patients, respectively. Nineteen patients showed poorly enhanced lesions (geographic hypoenhancing lesions) in the anterior lobe, and 11 of these lesions showed hypointensity on T2WI. Thyrotropin deficiency and corticotropin deficiency were observed in 19/20 and 12/17 patients, respectively. The authors conclude that pituitary geographic hypoenhancing lesions in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland are characteristic and frequent MR imaging findings of immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced hypophysitis.
- Indentation and Transverse Diameter of the Meckel Cave: Imaging Markers to Diagnose Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the shape (bilobed or indented appearance of the Meckel cave) or the size/volume of the Meckel cave on T2-weighted MRI could serve as a noninvasive diagnostic imaging marker for the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The authors studied 75 patients with a diagnosis of IIH and 75 age-and sex-matched healthy controls. The transverse diameter of the Meckel cave was measured in the axial and coronal planes of T2-weighted MRI, and comparison was made between the 2 groups. Of 75 patients with an approved diagnosis of IIH, 57 (76%) showed an indented Meckel cave as opposed to 21 (28%) in the control group. They conclude that the shape and size of the Meckel cave can be used as sensitive and specific diagnostic imaging markers for the diagnosis of IIH.