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More articles from Pediatrics

  


  
  



			

		

	
	
 	
	  
  

		
		

			

			  

  
      
  
  

    
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    EDITOR'S CHOICEPediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Deep Learning for Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumor Detection and Classification: A Multi-Institutional Study  
    	
    J.L. Quon, W. Bala, L.C. Chen, J. Wright, L.H. Kim, M. Han, K. Shpanskaya, E.H. Lee, E. Tong, M. Iv, J. Seekins, M.P. Lungren, K.R.M. Braun, T.Y. Poussaint, S. Laughlin, M.D. Taylor, R.M. Lober, H. Vogel, P.G. Fisher, G.A. Grant, V. Ramaswamy, N.A. Vitanza, C.Y. Ho, M.S.B. Edwards, S.H. Cheshier and K.W. Yeom
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2020, 41 (9) 1718-1725; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6704 
    
  
    	
    This study cohort comprised 617 children (median age, 92 months; 56% males) from 5 pediatric institutions with posterior fossa tumors: diffuse midline glioma of the pons, medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and ependymoma. There were 199 controls. Tumor histology served as ground truth except for diffuse midline glioma of the pons, which was primarily diagnosed by MR imaging. A modified ResNeXt-50-32x4d architecture served as the backbone for a multitask classifier model, using T2-weighted MRI as input to detect the presence of tumor and predict tumor class. Model tumor detection accuracy exceeded an AUC of 0.99 and was similar to that of 4 radiologists. Model tumor classification accuracy was 92% with an F1 score of 0.80. The model was most accurate at predicting diffuse midline glioma of the pons, followed by pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma. Ependymoma prediction was the least accurate.
    
  
  

    

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      Neuroimaging Appearance of Cerebral Malignant Epithelioid Glioneuronal Tumors in Children  
    	
    G. Orman, S. Mohammed, H.D.B. Tran, F.Y. Lin, A. Meoded, N. Desai, T.A.G.M. Huisman and S.F. Kralik
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2020, 41 (9) 1740-1744; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6668 
    
  
  
  

    

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      Assessment of Maturational Changes in White Matter Anisotropy and Volume in Children: A DTI Study  
    	
    G. Coll, E. de Schlichting, L. Sakka, J.-M. Garcier, H. Peyre and J.-J. Lemaire
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2020, 41 (9) 1726-1732; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6709 
    
  
  
  

    

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    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
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      MRI Findings at Term-Corrected Age and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in a Large Cohort of Very Preterm Infants  
    	
    S. Arulkumaran, N. Tusor, A. Chew, S. Falconer, N. Kennea, P. Nongena, J.V. Hajnal, S.J. Counsell, M.A. Rutherford and A.D. Edwards
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology August 2020, 41 (8) 1509-1516; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6666 
    
  
  
  

    

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    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Association of Isolated Congenital Heart Disease with Fetal Brain Maturation  
    	
    C. Jaimes, V. Rofeberg, C. Stopp, C.M. Ortinau, A. Gholipour, K.G. Friedman, W. Tworetzky, J. Estroff, J.W. Newburger, D. Wypij, S.K. Warfield, E. Yang and C.K. Rollins
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology August 2020, 41 (8) 1525-1531; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6635 
    
  
  
  

    

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    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Introduction of Ultra-High-Field MR Imaging in Infants: Preparations and Feasibility  
    	
    K.V. Annink, N.E. van der Aa, J. Dudink, T. Alderliesten, F. Groenendaal, M. Lequin, F.E. Jansen, K.S. Rhebergen, P. Luijten, J. Hendrikse, H.J.M. Hoogduin, E.R. Huijing, E. Versteeg, F. Visser, A.J.E. Raaijmakers, E.C. Wiegers, D.W.J. Klomp, J.P. Wijnen and M.J.N.L. Benders
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology August 2020, 41 (8) 1532-1537; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6702 
    
  
  
  

    

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    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      MRI Head Coil Malfunction Producing Artifacts Mimicking Malformation of Cortical Development in Pediatric Epilepsy Work-Up  
    	
    N. Kashani, N. Khan, J.M. Ospel and X.-C. Wei
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology August 2020, 41 (8) 1538-1540; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6639 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICEPediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Characterizing White Matter Tract Organization in Polymicrogyria and Lissencephaly: A Multifiber Diffusion MRI Modeling and Tractography Study  
    	
    F. Arrigoni, D. Peruzzo, S. Mandelstam, G. Amorosino, D. Redaelli, R. Romaniello, R. Leventer, R. Borgatti, M. Seal and J.Y.-M. Yang
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology August 2020, 41 (8) 1495-1502; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6646 
    
  
    	
    The authors retrospectively reviewed 50 patients (mean age, 8.3 years) with different polymicrogyria (n = 42) and lissencephaly (n = 8) subtypes. The fiber direction-encoded color maps and 6 different white matter tracts reconstructed from each patient were visually compared with corresponding images reconstructed from 7 age-matched, healthy control WM templates. The authors demonstrated a range of white matter tract structural abnormalities in patients with polymicrogyria and lissencephaly. The patterns of white matter tract involvement are related to polymicrogyria and lissencephaly subgroups, distribution, and, possibly, their underlying etiologies.
    
  
  

    

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    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Characterizing the Subcortical Structures in Youth with Congenital Heart Disease  
    	
    K. Fontes, F. Courtin, C.V. Rohlicek, C. Saint-Martin, G. Gilbert, K. Easson, A. Majnemer, A. Marelli, M.M. Chakravarty and M. Brossard-Racine
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology August 2020, 41 (8) 1503-1508; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6667 
    
  
  
  

    

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    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Pediatric Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Prediction of the Clinical Outcome by FLAIR and DWI for Various Etiologies  
    	
    K. Ozturk, J. Rykken and A.M. McKinney
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology August 2020, 41 (8) 1517-1524; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6624 
    
  
  
  

    

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