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PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Balani, Ankit
AU  - Sidpra, Jai
AU  - Sudhakar, Sniya
AU  - Biswas, Asthik
AU  - Öztekin, Özgür
AU  - Capra, Valeria
AU  - Catala, Martin
AU  - Copp, Andrew J.
AU  - Kumar, Neetu
AU  - Johal, Navroop
AU  - Tahir, M. Zubair
AU  - Thompson, Dominic
AU  - Pang, Dachling
AU  - Mirsky, David M.
AU  - Ho, Mai-Lan
AU  - Huisman, Thierry A.G.M.
AU  - Rossi, Andrea
AU  - Mankad, Kshitij
TI  - International Consensus Statement on the Radiologic Evaluation of Dysraphic Malformations of the Spine and Spinal Cord
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A8117
DP  - 2024 Jun 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 673--680
VI  - 45
IP  - 6
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/45/6/673.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/45/6/673.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.2024 Jun 01; 45
AB  - SUMMARY: Dysraphic malformations of the spine and spinal cord (DMSSC) represent a spectrum of common congenital anomalies typically (though not exclusively) affecting the lower spinal segments. These may be responsible for varying degrees of neurologic, orthopedic, and urologic morbidity. With advances in neuroimaging, it is now possible to better diagnose and evaluate these disorders both prenatally and postnatally. Neuroimaging, performed at the right time and with technique optimization, is integral in guiding clinical management. However, the terminology used to describe these lesions has become increasingly confusing, and there is a lack of consensus regarding the essential radiologic features and their clinical weighting. This variability in radiologic practice risks unstructured decision making and increases the likelihood of suboptimal, less informed clinical management. In this manuscript, the first of a series of consensus statements, we outline a standardized international consensus statement for the radiologic evaluation of children with suspected DMSSC derived from a critical review of the literature, and the collective clinical experience of a multinational group of experts. We provide recommendations for plain radiography, sonography, CT, and MR imaging in the evaluation of DMSSC with an emphasis on technique of imaging and imaging protocols.DMSSCdysraphic malformations of the spine and spinal cordFSfat suppressionGREgradient-echoSSFSEsingle-shot fast spin-echoUSultrasound