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PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kheok, Si Wei
AU  - Ng, Jia Hui
AU  - Liauw, Lishya
AU  - Tan, Vanessa Yee Jueen
AU  - Thong, Jiun Fong
TI  - Prediction of difficult round window visibility during cochlear implantation via a reformatted CT facial recess view: A retrospective study with surgical correlation
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A8503
DP  - 2024 Sep 16
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - ajnr.A8503
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2024/09/16/ajnr.A8503.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2024/09/16/ajnr.A8503.full
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cochlear implant surgery is performed commonly through the facial recess via the round window (RW) approach. This study aims to evaluate the utility of reformatting the pre-operative CT temporal bone scan into a CT facial recess view in alerting surgeons to a potentially difficult surgery with poorly visualized round window.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 41 patients (43 ears), who had undergone cochlear implant surgery. Intraoperative findings of round window position relative to 2nd genu-mastoid portion of facial nerve, and round window membrane orientation were recorded by the surgeons. Pre-operative CTs were analyzed by two radiologists in axial and a reformatted facial recess plane that simulates the surgeon&#039;s view via the facial recess. Radiological assessment markers include the facial nerve-chorda tympani nerve width (FN-CTN) measured 1.2mm inferior to the exit point of the chorda tympani nerve into the tympanic cavity, round window position relative to 2nd genu-mastoid segment of the facial nerve and RW membrane&#039;s angle from the vertical axis.RESULTS: The best predictor for difficult round window intraoperative visibility is the RW position relative to the 2nd genu-mastoid segment of the facial nerve lying lateral to it on CT facial recess reformatted images. A RW that lies partially to completely posterior to the posterior border of the 2nd genu-mastoid segment of the facial nerve had up to 55.6% risk of encountering difficult access, while those positioned anterior to or partially anterior to the anterior edge of the 2nd genu-mastoid segment of the facial nerve had 0% risk of difficult access (p&amp;lt;0.05). There are substantial agreements in the intra-rater (Kappa=0.751, p&amp;lt;0.001) and inter-rater reliability (Kappa= 0.698, p&amp;lt;0.001). There is no significant association between surgical difficulty and facial nerve-chorda tympani distance or RW angle (p&amp;gt;0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Identification of round window positions in the reformatted CT facial recess view is a useful tool in predicting potentially difficult round window access in cochlear implant surgery.ABBREVIATIONS: RW= Round window, FN-CTN= facial nerve to chorda tympani nerve width