1naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

)
1naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => FreeToRead
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

)
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Calabrese, M.
AU  - Seppi, D.
AU  - Romualdi, C.
AU  - Rinaldi, F.
AU  - Alessio, S.
AU  - Perini, P.
AU  - Gallo, P.
TI  - Gray Matter Pathology in MS: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study in a Pediatric Population
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A3011
DP  - 2012 Sep 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 1507--1511
VI  - 33
IP  - 8
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/33/8/1507.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/33/8/1507.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.2012 Sep 01; 33
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: GM pathology is considered a major determinant of disability in MS, but the comprehension of its origin and progression rate is limited by the uncertainty of dating the biologic disease onset. Thus, we planned a longitudinal study aimed at analyzing and comparing cortical pathology in pediatric and adult MS patients at clinical onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within 12 months from clinical onset, 35 patients with cMS and 57 with aMS were included in a longitudinal study. At T0, GMf and CL number and volume were analyzed. Percentages of Δ-GMf and number of new CLs were assessed every year for 3 years (T1-T3). Twenty-eight age- and sex-matched NCs constituted the reference population. RESULTS: At T0, GMf did not differ between cMS and NC (P = .18), while it was lower in patients with aMS compared with both NCs (P &amp;lt; .001) and patients with cMS (P &amp;lt; .001). The number of patients with CLs, as well as CL number and volume, were higher in patients with aMS than in those with cMS (P &amp;lt; .001). At T3, Δ-GMf was higher in both patients with cMS (1.6% ± 0.5%; range 0.7%–3.4%; P &amp;lt; .001) and aMS (1.6% ± 0.6%; range 0.6%–3.4%; P &amp;lt; .001) compared with NCs (0.7% ± 0.2%; range 0.4%–1.1%), whereas no difference was observed between patients with cMS and aMS (P = .93). Δ-GMf significantly correlated with increased CL volume (cMS: r = 0.46; aMS: r = 0.48) and with the appearance of new CLs (cMS: r = 0.51; aMS: r = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that focal (CLs) and diffuse (atrophy) GM damage are strictly associated with the biologic onset of MS, and proceed linearly and partly independently of WM pathology. aMSadult-onset multiple sclerosisCLcortical lesioncMSchildhood-onset multiple sclerosisEDSSExpanded Disability Status ScaleGMgray matterGMfgray matter fractionΔ-GMfdelta gray matter fractionΔ-GMf_1delta gray matter fraction at T1Δ-GMf_2delta gray matter fraction at T2Δ-GMf_3delta gray matter fraction at T3NChealthy controlT0baselineT2WMLVT2 white matter lesion volume