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PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Chevrier, M.-C.
AU  - Bard, C.
AU  - Guilbert, F.
AU  - Nguyen, D.K.
TI  - Structural Abnormalities in Patients with Insular/Peri-insular Epilepsy: Spectrum, Frequency, and Pharmacoresistance
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A3636
DP  - 2013 Nov 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 2152--2156
VI  - 34
IP  - 11
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/34/11/2152.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/34/11/2152.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.2013 Nov 01; 34
AB  - SUMMARY: Between 2002 and 2010, a total of 48 patients were seen at our epilepsy clinic with insular/peri-insular cortex epilepsy. Review of their MR imaging scans revealed a neoplastic lesion in 27% of patients, a malformation of cortical development in 21%, a vascular malformation in 19%, and atrophy/gliosis from an acquired insult in 17%. MR imaging results were normal in 4 patients. Other miscellaneous findings included a case of Rasmussen encephalitis, a nonspecific insular millimetric T2 signal abnormality, a neuroepithelial cyst, and hippocampal sclerosis without MR imaging evidence of dual insular pathologic features (despite depth electrode–proven insular seizures). Refractoriness to antiepileptic drug treatment was present in 56% of patients: 100% for patients with malformations of cortical development (1.0; 95% CI, 0.72–1.0), 50.0% (0.5; 95% CI, 0.21–0.78) in the presence of atrophy/gliosis from acquired insults, 39% (0.39; 95% CI, 0.14–0.68) for neoplastic lesions, and 22.2% (0.22; 95% CI, 0.06–0.55) for vascular malformations. IPICEinsular/peri-insular cortex epilepsyMCDmalformation of cortical development