1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [26793a45-2e9a-49c1-8fdf-4f4accbeee5a] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => 26793a45-2e9a-49c1-8fdf-4f4accbeee5a
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [f2744207-c23b-4a47-bc2f-6be92a74a3aa] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => f2744207-c23b-4a47-bc2f-6be92a74a3aa
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;5390d507829890082efbab1929bbf1fdd62e8b80
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => FreeToRead
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [d5e1a741-6955-4b9e-88fa-c4cbfbdbcd6f] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => d5e1a741-6955-4b9e-88fa-c4cbfbdbcd6f
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => FreeToRead
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [d146d2c9-159d-4a15-9c27-46592c8ca8ef] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => d146d2c9-159d-4a15-9c27-46592c8ca8ef
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;5390d507829890082efbab1929bbf1fdd62e8b80
                )

        )

)
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Takahashi, H.
AU  - Ishii, K.
AU  - Hosokawa, C.
AU  - Hyodo, T.
AU  - Kashiwagi, N.
AU  - Matsuki, M.
AU  - Ashikaga, R.
AU  - Murakami, T.
TI  - Clinical Application of 3D Arterial Spin-Labeled Brain Perfusion Imaging for Alzheimer Disease: Comparison with Brain Perfusion SPECT
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A3780
DP  - 2014 May 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 906--911
VI  - 35
IP  - 5
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/35/5/906.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/35/5/906.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.2014 May 01; 35
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Alzheimer disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with dementia, and a practical and economic biomarker for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease is needed. Three-dimensional arterial spin-labeling, with its high signal-to-noise ratio, enables measurement of cerebral blood flow precisely without any extrinsic tracers. We evaluated the performance of 3D arterial spin-labeling compared with SPECT, and demonstrated the 3D arterial spin-labeled imaging characteristics in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 68 patients with clinically suspected Alzheimer disease who underwent both 3D arterial spin-labeling and SPECT imaging. Two readers independently assessed both images. Kendall W coefficients of concordance (K) were computed, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed for each reader. The differences between the images in regional perfusion distribution were evaluated by means of statistical parametric mapping, and the incidence of hypoperfusion of the cerebral watershed area, referred to as “borderzone sign” in the 3D arterial spin-labeled images, was determined. RESULTS: Readers showed K = 0.82/0.73 for SPECT/3D arterial spin-labeled imaging, and the respective areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.82/0.69 for reader 1 and 0.80/0.69 for reader 2. Statistical parametric mapping showed that the perisylvian and medial parieto-occipital perfusion in the arterial spin-labeled images was significantly higher than that in the SPECT images. Borderzone sign was observed on 3D arterial spin-labeling in 70% of patients misdiagnosed with Alzheimer disease. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic performance of 3D arterial spin-labeling and SPECT for Alzheimer disease was almost equivalent. Three-dimensional arterial spin-labeled imaging was more influenced by hemodynamic factors than was SPECT imaging. ADAlzheimer diseaseASLarterial spin-labelingROCreceiver operating characteristicHMPAOhexamethylpropyleneamine oxime