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PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Argyropoulou, M.I.
AU  - Astrakas, L.G.
AU  - Xydis, V.G.
AU  - Drougia, A.
AU  - Mouka, V.
AU  - Goel, I.
AU  - Giapros, V.
AU  - Andronikou, S.
TI  - Is Low-Grade Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Very Preterm Infants an Innocent Condition? Structural and Functional Evaluation of the Brain Reveals Regional Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A6438
DP  - 2020 Mar 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 542--547
VI  - 41
IP  - 3
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/41/3/542.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/41/3/542.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.2020 Mar 01; 41
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is increasing evidence of abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage grades I and II. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage on gray and white matter integrity.MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging at around term-equivalent age was performed in 16 very preterm infants (mean gestational age, 28.8 ± 5.3 weeks) with mild intraventricular hemorrhage on brain sonography and 13 control subjects (mean gestational age, 29.6 ± 4.1 weeks) without intraventricular hemorrhage. Structural and functional evaluation of the cortex was performed using regional measurements of surface area, thickness and volume, and resting-state fMRI, respectively, and of WM microstructural integrity, applying Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to diffusion tensor imaging data.RESULTS: Compared with the control infants, the infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage had decreases in the following: 1) GM surface area in Brodmann areas 19 left and 9 and 45 right, and GM volume in Brodmann areas 9 and 10 right; 2) fractional anisotropy bilaterally in major WM tracts; and 3) brain activity in the left lower lateral and in the right higher medial somatosensory cortex.CONCLUSIONS: Very premature infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage at around term-equivalent age may present with regional abnormalities, appearing on imaging studies as cortical underdevelopment, functional impairment, and microstructural immaturity of major WM tracts.BABrodmann areaBOLDblood oxygen level–dependentFAfractional anisotropyfALFFfractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuationsGAgestational ageGABAgamma-aminobutyric acidGMHgerminal matrix hemorrhageIVHintraventricular hemorrhagePALSB12Population-Average, Landmark- and Surface-Based atlasSSCsomatosensory cortex