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PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Scarabello, M.
AU  - Righini, A.
AU  - Severino, M.
AU  - Pinelli, L.
AU  - Parazzini, C.
AU  - Scola, E.
AU  - Palumbo, G.
AU  - Di Maurizio, M.
AU  - D&#039;Errico, I.
AU  - Rossi, A.
AU  - Triulzi, F.
AU  - Griffiths, P.D.
TI  - Ganglionic Eminence Anomalies and Coexisting Cerebral Developmental Anomalies on Fetal MR Imaging: Multicenter-Based Review of 60 Cases
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A7062
DP  - 2021 Jun 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 1151--1156
VI  - 42
IP  - 6
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/42/6/1151.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/42/6/1151.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.2021 Jun 01; 42
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The ganglionic eminences are transient fetal brain structures that produce a range of neuron types. Ganglionic eminence anomalies have been recognized on fetal MR imaging and anecdotally found in association with a number of neurodevelopmental anomalies. The aim of this exploratory study was to describe and analyze the associations between ganglionic eminence anomalies and coexisting neurodevelopmental anomalies.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study includes cases of ganglionic eminence anomalies diagnosed on fetal MR imaging during a 20-year period from 7 centers in Italy and England. Inclusion criteria were cavitation or increased volume of ganglionic eminences on fetal MR imaging. The studies were analyzed for associated cerebral developmental anomalies: abnormal head size and ventriculomegaly, reduced opercularization or gyration, and abnormal transient layering of the developing brain mantle. The results were analyzed using χ2 and Fisher exact tests.RESULTS: Sixty fetuses met the inclusion criteria (21 females, 24 males, 15 sex unknown). Thirty-four had ganglionic eminence cavitations (29 bilateral and 5 unilateral), and 26 had increased volume of the ganglionic eminences (19 bilateral, 7 unilateral). Bilateral ganglionic eminence cavitations were associated with microcephaly (P = .01), reduced opercularization, (P &amp;lt; .001), reduced gyration (P &amp;lt; .001), and cerebellar anomalies (P = .01). Unilateral ganglionic eminence cavitations were not significantly associated with any particular feature. Bilateral increased volume of the ganglionic eminences showed an association with macrocephaly (P = .03). Unilateral increased volume was associated with macrocephaly (P = .002), abnormal transient layering (P = .001), unilateral polymicrogyria (P = .001), and hemimegalencephaly (P &amp;lt; .001).CONCLUSIONS: Ganglionic eminence anomalies are associated with specific neurodevelopmental anomalies with ganglionic eminence cavitations and increased ganglionic eminence volume apparently having different associated abnormalities.GAgestational ageGEganglionic eminence