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Table 2: Major qMRI findings in MS—GM compartment
Site Pathologic Processes and qMRI Correlates
Deep gray matter 
 Basal ganglia Increased R2*^{58,64-66,70,71} and QSM values^{61,64,66,70,72} indicating increased iron concentrations, with atrophy that might play a role in causing these changes^57,68
 Thalamus The more recent findings suggest the presence of reduced iron content and concentration, along with demyelination, as shown by decreased R1, R2*, and QSM values^56-61
Cortical gray matter
 Cortical lesions Reduced R2* signal due to demyelination and iron depletion;^74,75 cortical lesions are more heterogeneous on QSM, with decreased-to-increased values, depending on the level of inflammatory activity⁷⁸
Normal-appearing cortex Demyelination and iron depletion lead to reduced R1 and R2* values,⁵⁰ with a gradient indicating the WM interface⁸³