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Table 1: Major qMRI findings in MS—WM compartment
Site Pathologic Processes and qMRI Correlates
WM lesions 
 Early active Decreased R1, R2, and R2* values, along with increased PD, reflecting initial myelin degradation and edema^43,45
 Late active Decreased R1 and R2 values, coupled with increased PD, with myelin debris removal that determines further R2* decrease and QSM increase^43,45,51
 Chronic active Further R1 and R2 decrease, with PD increase, due to demyelination progression;⁴³ increased R2* and QSM at the periphery of the lesions due to iron-laden microglia and macrophages^45,46
 Chronic inactive Compared with chronic active, R2* decreases with high QSM values; across time, susceptibility values gradually become similar to those in NAWM⁴⁶
NAWM Decreased R1 and R2 values, with increased PD, compared with the WM of healthy controls,^50,51 reflecting edema and myelin loss secondary to inflammatory infiltration.
During active phases of the disease, iron is released from oligodendrocytes and begins to accumulate in newly forming lesions, causing an R2* decrease⁵⁰ and no relevant modification of QSM signal⁵²