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Monoclonal antibody therapies and their use in neurologic diseases
Drug Target Mechanism of Action Condition Used Adverse Effects
Ipilimumab, tremelimumab CTLA-4 Anti-CTLA-4 selectively blocking CTLA-4 Metastatic melanoma, several types of advanced malignancy Immune-related AEs such as hypophysitis, colitis, uveitis, dermatitis, and arthritis
Aducanumab Amyloid β aggregates, including soluble oligomers and insoluble fibrils Decrease CNS amyloid burden MCI and mild Alzheimer disease ARIA
Adalimumab TNF-α Blocks TNF-α interaction with p55 and p75 cell surface TNF receptors RA, PsA, AS, IBD, JIA, and HS Neurologic AEs including demyelinating diseases, ON, CIDPN, MNM, and GB
NTZ α4β1 Integrin Blocks entry of T cells into the CNS Multiple sclerosis (RRMS) PML, PML-IRIS, NTZ rebound
Note:—ON indicates optic neuritis; CIDPN, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; MNN, mononeuritis multiplex; GB, Guillain-Barré syndrome; RRMS, relapsing-remitting MS; AS, ankylosing spondylitis; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; IBD, inflammatory bowel diseases; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, HS, hidradenitis suppurativa.