Table 2:

Comparison of imaging and clinical characteristics between patient groups by the presence of a tegmental brainstem dysplasia (severe brainstem malformation)

Variable	Tegmental Brainstem Dysplasia (No.) (%)		OR (95% CI)	P Value
Variable	Present (Severe Group)	Absent (Mild Group)	OR (95% CI)	P Value
Mortality	7 (46.7%)	8 (15.1%)	4.922 (1.392–17.399)	.01^{^a}
Severe macrocrania	10 (62.5%)	14 (24.6%)	5.119 (1.576–16.629)	.004^{^b}
Prematurity	6 (42.87%)	14 (34.4%)	1.446 (0.419–4.997)	.559^{^a}
Genetic abnormalities	5 (31.2%)	17 (29.8%)	1.912 (0.319–11.471)	.677^{^b}
Bulbar dysfunction	12 (75%)	20 (36.4%)	5.250 (1.492–18.470)	.006^{^a}
Enteral feeding tube dependency	12 (75%)	28 (50.9%)	2.893 (0.830–10.087)	.087^{^a}
Seizure	11 (68.%)	20 (35.7%)	3.960 (1.205–13.018)	.019^{^a}
Extreme vermian hypoplasia	9 (56.25%)	3 (5.3%)	23.143 (5.034–106.401)	<.001^{^b}
Cerebellar dysplasia	11 (68.8%)	16 (28.1%)	5.638 (1.690–18.805)	.003^{^a}
Hydrocephalus	13 (81.3%)	30 (52.6%)	3.900 (1.002–15.177)	.04^{^a}
Corpus callosum agenesis	12 (75.0%)	25 (43.9%)	3.840 (1.104–13.358)	.028^{^a}
Interhemispheric cyst	9 (56.3%)	2 (3.5%)	35.357 (6.317–197.9)	<.001^{^b}
Gray matter migration	10 (62.5%)	8 (14%)	10.208 (2.901–35.923)	<.001^{^b}
Calcification or hemorrhage	4 (25%)	8 (14%)	2.042 (0.526–7.924)	.444^{^b}
Posterior fossa perimeter (mean) (mm)	252. 4 (SD, 110.3)	149.9 4 (SD, 100.6)	–	.002^{^c}

Note:—En dash indicates not applicable.
↵a Pearson χ² test.
↵b Fisher exact test.
↵c Mann-Whitney U test.