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Patient and imaging characteristics with and without CSF-venous fistula^{^a}
Total (n = 48) CVF Absent (n = 25) CVF Present (n = 23) P Value
Patient characteristics 
 Age, mean (SD) 54 (12.0) 48 (11.5) 60 (9.7) <.001
 Female 37 (77.1) 18 (72.0) 19 (83) .38
 Orthostatic/Valsalva headache 35 (72.9) 17 (68) 18 (78) .42
CVF characteristics 
 Right side 16 (70) 
 CVF level 
 T1–T5 4 (17%) 
 T6–T12 18 (78%) 
 L1 1 (4%) 
MRI brain SIH findings 
 Engorgement of venous sinus 21 (44) 0 (0) 21 (91) <.001
 Pachymeningeal enhancement 21 (44) 0 (0) 21 (91) <.001
 Suprasellar cistern effacement 26 (54) 7 (28) 19 (83) <.001
 Subdural fluid collection 1 (2) 0 (0) 1 (4.3) .48
 Prepontine cistern effacement 35 (73) 13 (52) 22 (96) <.001
 Decreased mamillopontine distance 33 (69) 12 (48) 21 (91) .001
 Bern SIH Score 4 (1–8) 1 (0–3) 8 (6–8) <.001
Bern SIH score category 
 Low 19 (40) 19 (76) 0 (0) 
 Intermediate 7 (15) 6 (24) 1 (4) 
 High 22 (46) 0 (0) 22 (96) 
↵a For the categoric variables, the data are presented as n (%) and are compared between groups via χ² or Fisher exact tests. For the continuous variables, the age is reported as a mean (SD) and is compared between groups via an independent t test, and the other continuous variables are reported as a median (IQR) and are compared between groups via a Mann-Whitney U test. A P value of <.05 was considered to be indicative of a statistically significant result and is reported in bold.