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Table 1: The definitions for pertinent measurements for quantitatively examining VPI^{^a,44}
Variable Description
Pharyngeal depth Linear distance (mm) from PNS to PPW or adenoid pad as seen on the midsagittal image
Velar length Curvilinear distance (mm) from the posterior nasal spine to the tip of the uvula as seen on the midsagittal image
VP ratio Calculation obtained from the dividing velar length by pharyngeal depth
Effective velar length Linear distance (mm) from the posterior border of the hard palate to the point of levator muscle insertion into the velum as seen on the midsagittal image
EVP ratio Calculation obtained from dividing effective velar length by the pharyngeal depth
Adenoid depth Linear distance (mm) along the palatal plane from the adenoid pad to the posterior end of the adenoid
Note:—PNS indicates posterior nasal spine; PPW, posterior pharyngeal wall; VP, velopharyngeal; EVP, effective VP.
↵a Adapted with permission from Perry JL, Kotlarek KJ, Sutton BP, et al. Variations in velopharyngeal structure in adults with repaired cleft palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018;55:1409-18.