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Table 2: Systematic analysis of CM II and spinal defect characteristics and comparisons between cases with and without ICH
Parameters CM II with ICH (n = 29) CM II without ICH (n = 72) P^{^a}
Male fetuses (%) 45 (13/29) 48 (35/72) .730
Median gestational age at fetal MRI (weeks) 25.7 (16.7–35.9) 24.1 (18–37.3) .338
Incidence of hydrocephalus (%) 90 (26/29) 60 (43/72) .003
Incidence of brain edema (%) 86 (25/29) 39 (28/72) <.001
Incidence of heterotopia (%) 31 (9/29) 12 (9/72) .028
Anatomic level (%) 
 Sacral 45 (13/29) 38 (27/72) .496
 Lumbar 31 (9/29) 50 (36/72) .083
 Thoracic 24 (7/29) 12 (9/72) .251
 Size of defect (mm) 28.0^{^b} ± 1.95 21.0^{^b} ± 1.49 .059
Vermian displacement (%) 
 C1–C3 45 (13/29) 56 (40/72) .329
 C4–C7 55 (16/29) 44 (32/72) .329
 Depth of vermis downward displacement (mm) 13.7^{^b} ± 0.61 7.8^{^b} ± 0.46 <.001
 Protrusion sign of atlanto-occipital membrane (%) 93 (27/29) 51 (37/72) <.001
Note:—Data are given as median (range), n (%) or mean ± standard deviation (SD).
↵a Comparison between with and without ICH cases: quantitative variables compared by using Student t test for independent samples; qualitative variables compared by using Pearson χ².
↵b Estimated means based on an average gestational age = 24.3.