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Foramen tympanicum reported in the literature
Patient Age (y)/Sex Side and History Physical Finding Imaging Finding Diagnosis
Heffez et al. 1989³ 
    67/F R, pain Swelling/OMR CT: bony defect, MRI: herniation TMJ herniation
    53/F R, pain Swelling/OMR Polystomograms: tympanic plate defect TMJ herniation
Weissman et al, 1991⁴ 
    15/F L Swelling/OMR NA TMJ herniation
Sharma et al, 1984⁵ 
    58/F R, otorrhea Anterior punctum, flow while sucking on a sweet NA Salivary fistula
Chilla, 2002⁶ 
    62/F L, otorrhea Anterior polyp NA Salivary fistula
Dingle, 1992⁷ 
    75/M R, pain Swelling/OMR NA EAC fistula
Tahir and Rubinstein 2000¹⁷ 
    64/M R, HL Clear fluid on anterior wall CT: bony defect Arthritis
Hawke et al, 1987¹⁸ 
    68/F R/L, HL Swelling/OMR CT: anterior bony defect, soft tissue herniation/OM anterior retraction Meniscus herniation
Cecire and Austin, 1991¹⁹ 
    60/M L, otorrhea Polyp CT: anterior defect, soft tissue herniation Polyp
Hawke et al, 1988²⁰ 
    58/F R, otorrhea Swelling/OMR CT: R/L dehiscence of anterior wall EAC fistula
Our study 
    52/F L, otorrhea Normal Sialo-CT: subcutaneous nodular enhancement Salivary fistula
    90/F R, pain Swelling CT: soft tissue herniation TMJ herniation
Our series 
    58/F L NA CT: foramen tympanicum NA
    38/F R/L NA CT: foramen tympanicum NA
    92/F R NA CT: foramen tympanicum NA
    39/M R/L NA CT: foramen tympanicum NA
Note.—NA = not applicable, OMR = retraction upon opening of mouth, HL = hearing loss.