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Table 1: Patient demographic data, type of ischemia previous CAS and collateral pathways
Finding No. of Patients (%)
Sex 
    Male 52 (80.0)
    Female 8 (10.0)
Vascular risk factors and vascular disease 
    Hypertension 47 (78.3)
    Diabetes mellitus 28 (46.7)
    Hyperlipemia 41 (68.3)
    Smoke 26 (43.3)
    Ischemic cardiopathy 16 (26.7)
    Peripheral arterial disease 17 (28.3)
Type of ischemia before CAS 
    Transient ischemic attack (including amaurosis     fugax) 33 (55.0)
    Minor stroke 15 (25,0)
    Major stroke (ranking ≥2) 11 (18.3)
    Asymptomatic 6 (10.0)
Concomitant vasculopathy 
    Contralateral ICA stenosis 35 (58.3)
    Contralateral ICA occlusion 10 (16.7)
    Vertebral artery stenosis 10 (16.7)
Collateral pathways 
    Ophthalmic 14 (23.3)
    Anterior crossflow 48 (80.0)
    Posterior 33 (55.9)
    Leptomeningeal 4 (6.7)
Note:—CAS indicates carotid angioplasty stent placement; ICA, internal carotid artery.