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NAWM metabolite concentrations in healthy controls and patients presenting with CIS and definite MS*
NAWM MetabolitesHealthy Controls (n = 20)CIS (n = 36)MS (n = 12)
tNAA [mM]14.51 (±1.42)13.42 (±1.46)12.77 (±1.57)
P = .02P = .008
mIns [mM]3.75 (±0.70)4.04 (±0.91)4.56 (±0.97)
P = .44P = .02
Cho [mM]2.07 (±0.40)2.16 (±0.39)2.17 (±0.31)
P = .31P = .32
tCr [mM]6.99 (±0.85)7.34 (±1.19)7.37 (±0.98)
P = .35P = .32
tNAA/Cho2.58 (±0.45)2.30 (±0.41)2.13 (±0.32)
P = .04P = .003
tNAA/tCr2.81 (±0.29)2.55 (±0.33)2.48 (±0.33)
P = .01P = .003
mIns/tCr0.54 (±0.09)0.55 (±0.12)0.64 (±0.13)
P = .74P = .02
mIns/tNAA0.25 (±0.04)0.29 (±0.08)0.34 (±0.07)
P = .16P = .001
Cho/tCr1.11 (±0.16)1.13 (±0.15)1.17 (±0.12)
P = .69P = .15
Glx/tCr1.51 (±0.37)1.31 (±0.23)1.19 (±0.29)
P = .03P = .02
  • Note:—NAWM indicates normal-appearing white matter; CIS, clinically isolated syndromes; MS, multiple sclerosis; tNAA, summation of N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartyl glutamate; mIns, myo-inositol; Cho, choline; tCr, summation of creatine and phosphocreatine; Glx, summation of glutamate and glutamine.
  • * Data are mean values (± SD). P values were obtained by the Mann-Whitney U test and represent relative comparisons between the control group and the patient groups (CIS, MS). All results printed in bold are significantly different (P < .05) when compared with the control group.