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Table 1: Baseline characteristics of the study population
Patients Men Women P Value
No. 406 242 (60%) 164 (40%) 
Age (mean ± SD, yr) 62 ± 14 62 ± 13 62 ± 14 .57
Symptomatic artery 
    Carotid 351 (86%) 212 (88%) 139 (85%) .41
    Vertebrobasilar 55 (14%) 30 (12%) 25 (15%) 
Cerebrovascular symptoms 
    Amaurosis fugax 84 (21%) 50 (21%) 34 (21%) .99
    TIA 122 (30%) 72 (30%) 50 (30%) .87
    Minor stroke 200 (49%) 120 (50%) 80 (49%) .87
Risk factors 
    Smoking 197 (49%) 136 (56%) 61 (37%) <.01
    Hypertension 290 (71%) 177 (73%) 113 (69%) .35
    Diabetes 61 (15%) 38 (16%) 23 (14%) .64
    Hypercholesterolemia 319 (79%) 177 (73%) 142 (87%) <.01
    History of cardiac disease 107 (26%) 73 (30%) 34 (21%) .03
    History of cerebrovascular disease 105 (26%) 70 (29%) 35 (21%) .09
Calcifications 
    Presence 263 (65%) 171 (71%) 92 (56%) <.01
    Volume (mm³) 53 ± 114 66 ± 124 33 ± 49 <.01
Note:—TIA indicates transient ischemic attack.